SDI as an organisational infrastructure Arnold Bregt Introduction

SDI as an organisational infrastructure Arnold Bregt

Introduction n Last week: technical aspects n This week: non-technical aspects l l l People (stakeholders) Policy Legal Financing Information about the functioning of the SDI (Assessment) 1

Contents n People and organizations (Today) n SDI and culture (Today) n Policy and legal (Today n Assessment (Friday) 2

SDI and People Technology People Policy Data Standards (Rajabifard et al. , 2002) 3

SDI & People (roles) n Meaning of people in SDI: l Individuals l Organizations (group of people) 4

Question n What are the stakeholders you van identify in an SDI? 5

SDI & People (roles) l Users, value adders l Policy makers, money providers, coordinators l Data providers, service providers, brokers, value adders l Researchers l SDI organizations 6

n Organogram: stakeholders and their relations n Different models 7

Stakeholders organograms (INSPIRE) 8

Stakeholders Source: Masser et al. , 2008 9

Stakeholders Source: fgdc 10

Users and value adders n Very important actor within SDI n Little know about wishes n Reason: diverse group and hardly investigated 11

Canadian approach n User centered-design l l input of users at various stages in the design of a system ensures that it is easy to use and meets the needs of its users source: Geo. Connections

Value adders n Recent development n Try to make a business of existing data n E. g. Apps based on open data 13

Policy makers, money providers, coordinators n Executive bodies e. g. www. geonovum. nl n Ministries 14

INSPIRE (example) Source: State of Play 2010 15

INSPIRE (example) Source: State of Play 2010 16

Data providers, service providers, value adders n What is the difference? 17

What are they? 18

Researchers Examples n The University of Melbourne n JRC n CGI n (See Exercise week 1) 19

International SDI organizations n n n Non-profit organization Members from more than 50 countries Annual conference Newsletters Funding 20

Researchers and SDI organizations n PCGIAP: Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia & the Pacific (now dormant) n GSDI link 21

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Conferences SDI Conferences n GSDI conferences – every 1, 5 year n EC GI & GIS workshops (since 2008 Inspire Conference) – every year n “Tracks” in general GI conferences 23

SDI organizations n There a few key organizations that play a role in any SDI, but the local arrangement depends strongly on the (national historical) setting and culture 24

Cultural differences and SDI

What is Culture? 26

Cultural differences and SDI What is culture? l a set of learned beliefs, values and behaviors the way of life is shared by the members of a society. 27

Three levels of uniqueness in human mental programming (Hofstede, 1997) Specific to individual Specific to group Universal Inherited personality and learned culture Learned human nature Inherited

Cultural differences and SDI Characterizing Culture (Hofstede et al. , 1997) n n n Power distance Individualism Masculinity Uncertainty avoidance Pragmatism (added 2010) (Long term orientation) Indulgence (added in 2010) 29

Cultural Dimensions 30

Cultural differences and SDI 31

Cultural differences and SDI n Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions 32

Country Comparison 33

Cultural differences and SDI What is the relation between culture and SDI? n High value for individualism, strong bottom up initiatives. n High value for long-term orientation, strong SDI vision and funding. 34

Cultural differences and SDI Power distance Uncertainty avoidance large strong weak masc. small Access to GI L H Sharing of GI L H L L/H Masculinity versus Femininity fem. L/H H L, H = low, high support for access to and sharing of GI 35

Relation with SDI 36

Results 37

Results 38

Assignment week 3 n Case of the week 3 “Your SDI as an organisational infrastructure” n Please analyze your case study SDI from a stakeholder, policy, legal and economic perspective. 39

With analyze we mean: n n Draft an organogram of the different stakeholders within your SDI (design your own picture); Describe the stakeholders, relations and dependencies between them; Describe the economic and legal arrangements (access rights, use rights and finance sources); Reflect on the impact of the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions on the organizational setting of your SDI. 40

Questions? Thank you for your attention!