Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation SIMD Scot PHO

Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) Scot. PHO training course – day 4 Andrew White Office of the Chief Statistician, Scottish Government www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

A run through of… • What is the SIMD? – The history – The methodology • • • Some things you should know… Headline findings Finding more info. on SIMD 2009 www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

What is the SIMD? • The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations multiple deprivation area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland. www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

Multiple deprivation • Multiple aspects of deprivation called ‘domains’ – Income – Employment – Health – Education – Access to Services – Housing – Crime www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

What is the SIMD? • The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland. datazones • Relative measure ranking the 6, 505 datazones in 1 being most deprived Scotland from 1 being most deprived to 6, 505 being the least deprived. Does this for each domain and overall. www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

What are datazones? • Statistical geography • Average population of 750 people • 6, 505 datazones in Scotland • No names, but codes like S 01000001 www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

What is the SIMD? • The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland. • Relative measure ranking the 6, 505 datazones in Scotland from 1 being most deprived to 6, 505 being the least deprived. Does this for each domain and overall. • Analysis often focuses on the 15% most deprived. There 15% are 976 datazones in the 15% most deprived (and 1, 301 in the 20%). www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

What is the SIMD? • The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland. • Relative measure ranking the 6, 505 datazones in Scotland from 1 being most deprived to 6, 505 being the least deprived. Does this for each domain and overall. • Analysis often focuses on the 15% most deprived. There are 976 datazones in the 15% most deprived (and 1, 301 in the 20%). • SIMD is one measure of deprivation, not the only one. • Similar indices produced across the UK. www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

What is it used for? • as a statistical classification • as an indicator to target resources and policies at small areas • feeds into work looking at Health inequalities across Scotland • individual domains and indicators also used. E. g. some Local Authorities use levels of income and employment deprivation to assess and monitor need. www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

The history www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

Carstairs • Derived from four census indicators: – – low social class, lack of car ownership, overcrowding male unemployment. • Calculated at postcode sector level (e. g. G 84 9) • Available for 1981, 1991 & 2001 • Categorisation of scores – Quintile 1 (least deprived) to Quintile 5 (most deprived) – Decile 1 (least deprived) to Decile 10 (most deprived) • Available on the web site of Glasgow University's MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit – http: //www. sphsu. mrc. ac. uk/publications/carstairs-scores. html • ISD Scotland – http: //www. isdscotland. org/isd/3211. html www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

SIMD 2004 • Work done in house • Datazone geography • 6 aspects of deprivation (domains) – – – Income Employment Health Education Access Housing • Data from 2001 and 2002 www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

SIMD 2006 • 7 domains – New crime domain added • Public transport times included in access domain as sub-domain • 37 indicators • Data (mostly) from 2004 and 2005 • Published October 2006 www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

SIMD 2009 • 7 domains – – – – Income Employment Health Education Access Crime Housing • 38 indicators • Data (mostly) from 2007 and 2008 www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

Trend Analyses – which measure? • Trend Analyses from 1999 onwards – SIMD 2009 • Trend Analyses back to 1991 – Carstairs 2001 • Trend Analyses back to before 1991 – Carstairs 1991 http: //www. isdscotland. org/isd/3211. html • Consistent Areas Through Time (CATTs) http: //www. lscs. ac. uk/sls/SLSresourses. htm www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

The methodology www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

Employment Deprivation Domain • Based on benefits data (2008) – Unemployment Claimant Count • 12 month average – Incapacity Benefit recipients • Working age – Severe Disablement Allowance • Working age – Compulsory New Deal Participants • No change to 2004 indicators for 2006 or 2009 • Datazone SAPE – Working age population www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

Income Deprivation Domain • Not measuring income • Based on benefits data (2008) – Income support • adults and children – Guarantee Pension Credit • adults – Job Seekers Allowance • adults and children – Child and Working Family Tax Credits • Adults and children in TC families on low incomes • 2004 used WFTC and DTC data • 2006 did not include tax credits • Datazone SAPE – Total population www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

Health Deprivation Domain • Indicators used: – – – – Weights Standardised Mortality Ratio* 0. 08 Hospital Episodes related to alcohol use* 0. 14 Hospital Episodes related to drug use* 0. 06 Comparative Illness Factor* 0. 32 Emergency Admissions to Hospital* 0. 33 Proportion of population being prescribed drugs for anxiety, 0. 05 depression or psychosis Proportion of live singleton births of low birth weight 0. 02 • *Age – Sex Standardisation • Methodological changes since 2004 – Removal of Shrinkage • Minor changes for 2009 • Normalised and combined using factor analysis www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

Some things you should know… • The Index is relative i. e. it shows whether an area is more or less deprived than another one but not how much more or less deprived. • The least deprived area is not the most affluent, it just lacks deprivation. • Not everyone living in a deprived area is deprived. Nor do all deprived people live in the most deprived areas. • There will always be 976 datazones in the 15% most deprived – if a datazone moves out another will move in. • Changes to methodology so care is needed when comparing over time e. g. crime domain, tax credit data. www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

Some things you should know… • Often we might look at quintiles, deciles or vigintiles as a way of summarising SIMD ranks – For SG e. g. vigintiles will contain 1/20 th of all datazones – ISD use population weighted vigintiles so each vigintile will contain roughly 1/20 th of the population – Datazones have roughly equal populations so the two types of vigintile are similar but not the same – The postcode lookups on the SIMD website contain both types www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

Some CHP results www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 1) *The national share is the number/percentage of datazones in the (e. g. ) 15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each CHP www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 1) *The local share is the percentage of datazones within a CHP that fall within the (e. g. ) 15% most deprived in Scotland www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

SIMD 2009 – Income and Employment deprivation www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

Using SIMD 2009 - SIMD website www. scotland. gov. uk/SIMD www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

For example • Interactive mapping • Postcode lookup • Datazone profiler • Background data • Annual updates… www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

Scottish Government contacts Advice for SG staff is available from the Small Area Statistics team on these topics: SIMD: SNS: Andrew White Andrew. white@scotland. gsi. gov. uk Euan Smith Euan. Smith@scotland. gsi. gov. uk General enquiries: Neighbourhood. statistics@scotland. gsi. gov. uk www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

Geography Analysis Support Advice for NSS staff is available from the GAS team on these topics: Deprivation: Geography: Richard Lawder Richard. Lawder@nhs. net Alison Burlison Alison. Burlison@nhs. net Population/SNS*: Andy Gasiorowski Andrew. Gasiorowski@nhs. net *Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics www. scotland. gov. uk/simd

ANY QUESTIONS? www. scotland. gov. uk/simd