Scientists God The Myth of Incompatibility Robert J

Scientists & God: The Myth of Incompatibility Robert J. Marks II Distinguished Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering Baylor University

Abstract • Is true scientific pursuit mutually exclusive of a faith in God. Those who objectively pursue their truth through the scientific method, some say, cannot realistically embrace a belief in a living God. This posturing often arises from an ignorance of the Christian faith and it’s role in science. Indeed, both today and in history, a number of scientists, mathematicians and engineers are motivated in their work by the uncovering of the precise orderliness and wonderful interrelations in God's creations. Many not only study the creation, but have pursued the identity of the Creator and have come to submission to God through acceptance of the sacrifice of His Son. Examples from history who embrace Christ as savoir include many giants in science and technology, including Isaac Newton - the father classical physics and co -creator of calculus, Michael Faraday - the father of electrical engineering, and Blaise Pascal - mathematician extraordinaire and inventor of the first computer. The myth of incompatibility between science and faith is without foundation or substance.

The Mindset of the Academy • Tolerance? – Tolerance – The Origin • Overt or Covert? – Anecdotes – Curricula

Excerpts • Index

What motivates research at the Academy? Seeking Truth ?

and/or Seeking Fame? • Dr. , Ph. D. , FIEEE, FOSA • Illustration. . . To: marks@u. washington. edu From: xxxxxxxx Subject: Beller medal Dear Bob: I am attaching a file that gives a short list of my contributions to optical science and education. If you feel that I qualify as a candidate for the Esther Hoffman Beller Medal, I would very much appreciate and be honored by a letter from you on my behalf for this medal. Please note that the letter must be at OSA by Oct. 1. The address is: Optical Society of America Communications Dept. MS 112, 2010 Massachusetts Avenus. [sic], NW Washington, DC 20036 -1023 Fax: 202 -416 -6134 awards@osa. org I thank you in advance. Attachment Converted: "g: Proposed Candidate for the Esther Hoffman Beller Medal. doc"

e-mail from an IEEE Professional Society governing board concerning actions of an Awards Committee (1999)… “I have never known an awards committee where the members grant each other the awards/medals. I don't contest that the committee members are not deserving of an award, but the mere fact of serving on a selection committee should exclude one from receiving the awards being distributed. ” The Awards Committee was giving their members awards!

Modest Mindset of the Academician U. S. News & World Report reports a poll of university professors found that 94% of the respondents thought they were better at their jobs than their average colleague. U. S. News & World Report 16 Dec 96 p 26

Seeking fame through research: Occupational Hazard? “Famous Researchers' Ultimate Stress: When Doing Science Leads To Suicide” Emil Fischer (1852 -1919), Percy Bridgman (1882 -1961), Hans Fischer (1881 -1945), Stanford Moore (1913 -1982), Ludwig Boltzmann (1844 -1906), Alan Turing (1912 -1954), Leading Factors Minor precipitating factors isolation, 50 percent; physical illness, 47 percent; politics 42 percent; depression 31 percent. death of a close relative, 17 percent; overwork, 14 percent; business problems, 11 percent grant problems, 8 percent; problems with the administration, 3 percent. “For what shall it profit a man, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? ” Jesus Christ Molly Gleiser, a chemist, is the founder of Suicide Prevention Among Scientists, based in Berkeley, Calif. Richard H. Seiden, a former professor of suicidology at the University of California, Berkeley The Scientist, Vol: , #4, pg 21 www. the-scientist. library. upenn. edu/yr 1990/nov/prof 2_901126. html

What motivates research at the Academy for some? Truth, fame and/or What motivates research at the Academy? Seeking God !? !

1. The Beauty of Creation! 2. Who Created this beauty? The Beauty of Creation

Motivation? • Premise #1: Some Scientists’ and Mathematicians’ embrace a strong belief in God. Motivation for research, in certain cases, stems in part from their curiosity of discovering God’s creation and the awe and remarkable beauty of the relationships they uncover. “Science brings man nearer to God” Louis Pasteur (John Hudsion Tiner, Louis Pasteur - Founder of Modern Medicine, Milford, MI: Mott Media, Inc. , 1990, p. 75. )

• “The more I study nature, the more I stand amazed at the work of the Creator. Into his tiniest creatures, God has placed extraordinary properties. . . ” Louis Pasteur (1822 -1895) John Hudsion Tiner, Louis Pasteur - Founder of Modern Medicine, Milford, MI: Mott Media, Inc. , 1990, p. 75. ) • “God is going to to reveal to us things He never revealed before if we put our hands in His. ” George Washington Carver (1865 -1943) (who named his laboratory God’s Little Workshop. ) Ethel Edwards, Carver of Tuskegee (Cincinnati, Ohio; Ethyl Edwards & James T. Hardwick, 1971) pp. 141 -42.

1. Gutenberg, Johann 2. Newton, Isaac 3. Luther, Martin 4. Darwin, Charles 5. Shakespeare, William 6. Columbus, Christopher 7. Marx, Karl 8. Einstein, Albert 9. Copernicus, Nicolaus 10. Galileo Galilei 11. Da Vinci, Leonardo 12. Freud, Sigmund 13. Pasteur, Louis 14. Edison, Thomas 15. Jefferson, Thomas 16. Hitler, Adolf 17. Gandhi, Mahatma 18. Locke, John 19. Michelangelo 20. Smith, Adam 21. Washington, George 22. Khan, Genghis 23. Lincoln, Abraham 24. Aquinas, St. Thomas 25. Watt, James 26. Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeu 27. Bonaparte, Napolean 28. Bach, Johann Sebastian 29. Ford, Henry 30. Beethoven, Ludwig Von 31. Watson & Crick 32. Descartes, Rene 33. King, Martin Luther Jr. 34. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Biography’s Top 100 Persons of the Millennium 35. Lenin, Vladimir 2. Isaac Newton 36. Fleming, Alexander 37. Voltaire The father of classical physics. 38. Bacon, Francis 39. Alighieri, Co-Discoverer of. Dante Calculus 40. Wright Brothers 41. Gates, Bill 42. Mendel, Gregor 43. Mao, Zedong 44. Bell, Alexander Graham 45. William the Conqueror 46. Machiavelli, Niccolo 47. Babbage, Charles 48. Wollstonecraft, Mary 49. Gorbachev, Mikhail 50. Sanger, Margaret 51. Jenner, Edward 52. Churchill, Winston 53. Curie, Marie 54. Polo, Marco 55. Magellan, Ferdinand 56. Stanton, Elizabeth 57. Presley, Elvis 58. Joan of Arc 59. Kant, Immanuel 60. Roosevelt, Franklin D. 61. Faraday, Michael 62. Disney, Walt 63. Austen, Jane 64. Picasso, Pablo 65. Heisenberg, Werner 66. Griffith, D. W. 67. Zworykin, Vladimir Blaise Pascal The father of computer engineering 13. Louis Pasteur The father of microbiology Thomas Bayes 69. Harvey, William 70. Pope Gregory Vll 71. Tubman, Harriet 72. Bolivar, Simon 73. Princess Diana 74. Fermi, Enrico 75. Pincus, Gregory 76. The Beatles 77. Hobbes, Thomas 78. Isabella 79. Stalin, Joseph 80. Elizabeth I 81. Mandela, Nelson 82. Bohr, Neils 83. Peter the Great of Russia 84. Marconi, Guglielmo 85. Reagan, Ronald 86. Joyce, James 87. Carson, Rachel 88. Oppenheimer, Robert J. 89. Anthony, Susan B. 90. Daguerre, Louis 91. Spielberg, Steven 92. Nightingale, Florence 93. Roosevelt, Eleanor 94. Patient Zero 95. Chaplin, Charlie 96. Caruso, Enrico 97. Salk, Jonas 98. Armstrong, Louis 99. Da Gama, Vasco James Clerk Maxwell The founder of electromagnetics The founder of statistical inference 61. Michael Faraday The father of electrical engineering 100. Suleiman I 68. Franklin, Benjamin http: //www. biography. com/features/millennium/index. html

Sir Isaac Newton (1642 -1727) “. . . one of the greatest names in the history of human thought” Quantum Theory (very small) Newtonian Physics Relativity (very big)

Sir Isaac Newton (1642 -1727) Newton’s Contributions £ Newtonian Physics £ The Calculus £ Law of Universal Gravitation £ Optics “In late editions of his scientific works he [Newton] expressed a strong sense of God's providential role in nature. ” Microsoft Encarta. http: //www. newton. cam. ac. uk/newtlife. html t Reflecting Telescope t White light components

Namesakes & Newtonian Physics & Newton (mks unit of force) & Apple’s Newton & Newton’s rings & Newtonian constant & Newton Optimization of gravitation = 6. 672 59 × 10 -11 m 3 kg-1 s-2

God observed in nature. . . “[The] beautiful system of the sun, planets and comets could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful Being. ” Isaac Newton quoted from Newton’s Philosophy of Nature: Selections From His Writings (Hafner Publishing, 1953)

From “Optics” by Isaac Newton “God in the beginning formed matter in solid, massy, hard, impenetrable, moveable particles, of such sizes and figures, and with other such properties, and in such proportion to space, as most conduced to the end for which He formed them. ” “Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honour and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created. ” Revelation 4: 11

Newton on Atheism “Atheism is so senseless and odious to mankind that it never had many professors. ” Isaac Newton quoted from Newton’s Philosophy of Nature: Selections From His Writings (Hafner Publishing, 1953)

Michael Faraday (1791 -1867) “Michael Faraday's scientific work laid the foundations of all subsequent electrotechnology. ” Lenore Symons, IEE Senior Archivist http: //www. iee. org. uk/publish/faraday 1. html The Father of Electricity Faraday’s Contributions Ø Faraday’s Law Ø Discovered electromagnetic induction: generators, motors & transformers. ØThe Faraday Effect A magneto-optic effect in which the polarization plane of an electromagnetic wave is rotated under the influence of a magnetic field parallel to the direction of propagation. Ø Discovered Benzene

Michael Faraday. . . ØBuild first practical electric motor. ØCoined the terms ? electrode, ? anode, ? cathode ? electronic Namesakes ØFarad = unit of capacitance ØFaraday’s constant = F=96 485. 309 C mol-1

was a devoted admirer of Faraday. While still in Berlin, … [he] kept a large portrait of Faraday in his study. “Albert Einstein. . . “Later, having escaped the Nazis, Einstein again displayed a large portrait of Faraday - this time in his Princeton study. ” Michael Faraday: Father of Electronics, Ludwig Charles, 1978, Herald Press, Scottsdale, PA.

“[Faraday’s] standard of duty was supernatural. It was formed entirely on what he held to be the revelation of the will of God in the written word, and throughout all his life his faith led him to act. . . to the very letter of it. ” Dr Bence Jones "The Life and Letters of Faraday”. See also http: //www. iee. org. uk/publish/faraday 2. html

Faraday on Knowledge vs. Wisdom “Alas! How foolish perhaps to leave home, to leave those whom I loved and who loved me for a time uncertain in its length, but certainly long and which may perhaps stretch out to eternity! And what are the boasted advantages to be gained? Knowledge. Yes, knowledge but what knowledge? Knowledge of the world, of men, of manners, of books , and of languages… Alas! How degrading it is to be learned when it places us on a level with rouges and scoundrels! … Ah, Ben, I am not sure that I have acted wisely in leaving a pure and certain enjoyment for such a pursuit” Homesick Michael Faraday in a letter from Rome to friend Benjamin Abbott during science tour of Europe as assistant of Sir Humphry Davy. Michael Faraday: Father of Electronics, Ludwig Charles, 1978, Herald Press, Scottsdale, PA.

Faraday & AWARDS • Faraday was offered and refused the Presidency of the Royal Society. He responded no… "I must remain plain Michael Faraday to the very last. "

Thomas Bayes (1702 – 1761) Bayes Theorem • Baysian Inference: Making classifications using an historical data base. • Foundation of most modern e-mail spam filters. Thomas Bayes, Divine Benevolence, 1731, and D. R. Bellhouse, “The Reverend Thomas Bayes FRS: a Biography to Celebrate the Tercentenary of his Birth” <http: //www. stats. uwo. ca/faculty/bellhouse/bayesbiog. pdf>

Thomas Bayes (1702 – 1761) • Reverend Bayes was a pastor of the Presbyterian Chapel in Tunbridge Wells, 35 miles southeast of London. • Bayes didn’t bother to publish his mathematical work. It was all published posthumously. Bayes was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1742 having no published works on mathematics. Bayes did publish about his faith. “God always does that which is right and fit, and that all his moral attributes, [namely] justice, truth, faithfulness, mercy, patience, [etc. ] are but so many different modifications of rectitude. ” Thomas Bayes, “Divine Benevolence”, 1731. D. R. Bellhouse, “The Reverend Thomas Bayes FRS: a Biography to Celebrate the Tercentenary of his Birth” <http: //www. stats. uwo. ca/faculty/bellhouse/bayesbiog. pdf>

James Clerk Maxwell On an Electrical Engineering Student’s T-Shirt. . . Maxwell’s And God said. . . and there was light. Equations

Quotes… • “Was it a god who wrote these lines…” Ludwig Boltzmann – Nobel prize winner in Physics on Maxwell’s equations (quoting a line from Goethe). • “To anyone who is motivated by anything beyond the most narrowly practical, it is • “[Maxwell’s equations] can be worth while to appreciated, by those who understand Maxwell’s understand them, on an equations simply for the aesthetic level. ” Halliday & good of his soul” J. R. Resnick, Physics II, Wiley (1962) Pierce, Electrons, Waves and Messages, Hanover – a widely used undergraduate House, 1956. Physics text. “The formulation of these [Maxwell’s] equations is the most important event since Newton’s time” Albert Einstein

James Clerk Maxwell “As with Faraday, his profound investigations into nature were concomitant with deep religious reverence for nature’s cause. ” Sir Joseph Larmor in the Biographical Notes to: James Clerk Maxwell, Matter and Motion, (Dover, 1991).

“The only desire which I can. . have is like David to serve my own generation by the will of God, and then fall asleep. ” Maxwell (near death). Lewis Campbell & William Garnet, The Life of James Clerk Maxwell, London 1882, p. 309 “I believe. . . that ‘Man's chief end is to glorify. God and to enjoy Him for ever’. ” James Clerk Maxwell Ian Hutchinson MIT IAP Seminar: The Faith of Great Scientists, Jan 98

Dimitri Egorov • Egorov worked on triply Born: 22 Dec 1869 in Moscow, Russia Died: 10 Sept 1931 in Kazan, USSR orthogonal systems and potential surfaces and made major contribution to differential geometry. • Egorov also worked on integral equations and a theorem in theory of functions of a real variable is named after him • In 1923 Egorov was elected president of the Moscow Mathematical Society • In 1923 Egorov became director of the Institute for Mechanics and Mathematics at Moscow State University http: //www-groups. dcs. st-andrews. ac. uk/~history/Mathematicians/Egorov. html

Dimitri Egorov • The Church was repressed after the revolution. Egorov defended them. In 1922 -23 and again in 1928, clergy were executed in mass. • Egorov tried to prevent the attempt to impose Marxist ideology on scientists. • In 1929 Egorov was dismissed as director of the Institute for Mechanics and Mathematics and given a public rebuke. • Egorov was arrested as a "religious sectarian" and put in prison. An "Initiative group" took over the Society in November 1930. They expelled Egorov denouncing him as “a reactionary and a churchman. ” • Egorov went on a hunger strike in prison and eventually died. http: //www-groups. dcs. st-andrews. ac. uk/~history/Mathematicians/Egorov. html

Johannes Kepler (1571 -1630) • Kepler’s Laws 1. The orbits of the planets are ellipses, with the Sun at one focus of http: //www. leaderu. com/offices/schaefer/docs/scientists. html the ellipse. http: //csep 10. phys. utk. edu/astr 161/lect/history/kepler. html

Johannes Kepler (1571 -1630) • Kepler’s Laws http: //www. leaderu. com/offices/schaefer/docs/scientists. html http: //csep 10. phys. utk. edu/astr 161/lect/history/kepler. html

Johannes Kepler (1571 -1630) • Kepler’s Laws III. The ratio of the squares of the revolutionary periods for two planets is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their semimajor axes. http: //www. leaderu. com/offices/schaefer/docs/scientists. html http: //csep 10. phys. utk. edu/astr 161/lect/history/kepler. html

Johannes • “Throughout his life, Kepler was a profoundly religious man. All his Kepler writings contain numerous references to God, and he saw his work as a fulfilment of his Christian duty to understand the works of God. Man being, as Kepler believed, made in the image of God, was clearly capable of understanding the Universe that He had created. Moreover, Kepler was convinced that God had made the Universe according to a mathematical plan. ” • “When asked: Why do you do science? ", Kepler answered that he desired in his scientific research to obtain a sample test of the delight of the Divine Creator in his work and to partake of his joy. ” http: //www. leaderu. com/offices/schaefer/docs/scientists. html http: //www-gap. dcs. st-and. ac. uk/~history/Mathematicians/Kepler. html

(1623 -62) Blaise Pascal (1623 -62) • PASCAL: a high level programming language designed by Niklaus Wirth in 1974 as a teaching language for computer scientists. • Pascal’s Law: the pressure in a fluid is transmitted equally to all distances and in all directions. • PASCAL: A unit of pressure. 1 bar equals 100, 000 Pascal • Pascal’s triangle.

Pascal: Computer Engineer • In 1642, Pascal began to create a machine that would be similar to an everyday calculator to help his father with his accounting job. • He finished the final model in 1645. • He presented one to Queen Christina of Sweden and he was allowed a monopoly over it by royal decree. http: //www-groups. dcs. st-and. ac. uk/~history/index. html

Pascal: the Mathematician http: //www. norfacad. pvt. k 12. va. us/project/pascal/blaise 3. htm

1 1 1 2 1 3 3 1 4 6 4 1 1 5 10 10 5 1 6 15 20 15 6 1 6 7 1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1. . . Pascal’s Triangle

Pascal’s Triangle & Pizza 1 1 1 2 1 3 3 1 4 6 4 1 Four (4) available toppings (Extra Cheese, Onions, Pepperoni, Tomato) 1 5 10 10 5 1 5 C, O, P, T 6 15 20 15 6 1 You can choose two. 7 1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1. . . There are 6 possible pizzas. . . CO, CP, CT, OP, OT, PT

Pascal’s Triangle, Pizza & Poker From 52 toppings, choose 5 = 2, 598, 960 pizzas = number of possible poker hands Note: From 52, choose 13 = 6, 227, 020, 800 = number of possible bridge hands

Pascal & AWARDS “Fame is so sweet that we love anything we connect with it, even death. ” Blaise Pascal (Pensees)

Pascal’s thoughts. . . “Man finds nothing so intolerable as to be in a state of complete rest, without passions, without occupation, without diversion, without effort. Then he faces his nullity, loneliness, inadequacy, dependence, helplessness, emptiness. And at once there wells up from the depths of his soul boredom, gloom, depression, chagrin, resentment, despair. ”

Pascal’s Thoughts. . . there are two ways people avoid thinking about such matters: diversion and indifference. Regarding diversion, Pascal says we fill up our time with activities to avoid facing the truth of our state. "The natural misfortune of our mortality and weakness is so miserable, that nothing can console us when we really think about it. . The only good thing for man, therefore, is to be diverted so that he will stop thinking about his circumstances. ” http: //www. probe. org/docs/pascal. html

Nirvana’s Curt Cobain offers a Translation of Pascal: “With the lights out it's less dangerous “Here we are now. Entertain us. ” … “The denial, the denial, …” Smells like Teen Spirit Nirvana

Were all motivated by belief in God? Pierre Simon Laplace (1749 -1827). Laplace transform Laplace Noise Laplace helped to establish the metric system.

Napoleon appointed Laplace Minister of the Interior but removed him from office after only six weeks “because he brought the spirit of the infinitely small into the government. ” Napoleon asked Laplace why God was not mentioned in any of his work on celestial mechanics. Laplace responded. . . Laplace “Sire, je n’avais pas besoin de cette hypothese. ” “Sire, I had no need of that hypothesis. ” Petr Beckmann, “A History of Pi”, St. Martin’s Press, 1971.

What a beautiful creation! Who is the Creator? ? What a beautiful creation!

Premise #2 Numerous great researchers embrace Christianity: The knowing of God, the creator of the universe, personally. Belief in God’s supremacy and saving grace made possible through the sacrifice of His son, Jesus Christ. http: //www. ccci. org/laws/index. html

God in the Literature • “References to God continued in the scientific literature until the middle to late 1800's. It seems likely that the lack of religious references after this time seem more from a change in social and professional conventions among scientists rather than from any change in Indeed, contrary to popular myth, scientists appear to have the same range of attitudes about religious matters as does the general public. ” Alan Lightman (MIT) in Origins underlying thought. http: //www. leaderu. com/offices/schaefer/docs/scientists. html

Christian Professors Today … Professor William Zoller Chemistry Professor William Bradley cialab. ee. washington. edu/Marks. Stuff/ccc/Zoller. html Mechanical Engineer Professor Phillip E. Johnson Professor of Law www. arn. org/docs/johnson/pj_sched. html www. clm. org/real/ri 9702/walkup. html Professor John Walkup, Electrical Engineer www. clm. org/real/ri 9702/walkup. html Professor Vernon Burton Professor of History and Sociology, Senior Research Scientist at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. Dr. Nancy Simpson Texas A&M University of Illinois, Urbana. Champaign http: //clm. org/real/ri 9910/simpson. html Dr. Liz Miller Texas A&M http: //clm. org/real/ri 9910/simpson. html http: //clm. org/real/ri 9809/cogdell. html http: //clm. org/real/ri 0002/burton. html Dr. George M. Marsden Franscis A. Mc. Ananey Professor of History Notre Dame http: //clm. org/real/ri 9902/ marsden. html Dr. George M. Marsden Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Texas, Austin Dr. Hugh Ross, Astrophysicist www. reasons. org Dr. David Manuwal Professor, Wildlife Science Chair, Division of Ecosystem Sciences University of Washington www. cfr. washington. edu/People/ Faculty/Manuwal/

“There is one God, the Father, ever-living, omnipresent, omniscient, almighty, the Maker of heaven and earth, and one Mediator between God and man, the man Christ Jesus. …” Sir Isaac Newton on Christ

Isaac Newton on Christ “To us there is but one God, the Father, of whom are all things, and one Lord Jesus Christ, by whom are all things, and we by Him. That is, we are to worship the Father alone as God Almighty, and Jesus alone as the Lord, the Messiah, the Great King, the Lamb of God who was slain, and hath redeemed us with His blood, and made us kings and priests. ” Sir Isaac Newton, Sir David Brewster, Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton. Stephen Abbott Northrop, D. D. , A Cloud of Witnesses (Portland, OR: American Heritage Ministries, 1987; Mantle Ministries, 228 Still Ridge, Bulverde, Texas), p. 338. Apotheosis of Sir Isaac Newton (1642 -1727), engraved by George Bickham senior (d. 1769), 1732.

“We account the Scriptures of God to be the most sublime philosophy. I find more sure marks of authenticity in the Bible than in any profane history whatsoever. . . Worshiping God and the Lamb [Jesus Christ] in the temple: God, for his benefaction in creating all things, and the Lamb, for his benefaction in redeeming us with his blood. ” Newton’s Proclamation Sir Isaac Newton Tryon Edwards, D. D. , The New Dictionary of Thoughts-A Cyclopedia of Quotations (Garden City, NY: Hanover House, 1852; revised and enlarged by C. H. Catrevas, Ralph Emerson Browns, and Jonathan Edwards [descendent, along with Tryon, of Jonathan Edwards (1703 -1758), president of Princeton], 1891; Sir Isaac Newton. Henry H. Morris, Men of Scienice-Men of God (El Cajon, CA: Master Books, A Division of Creation Life Publishers, Inc. , 1988), pp. 23 -26. The Standard Book Company, 1955, 1963), P. 47. Henry H. Halley, Halley's Bible Handbook (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1927, 1965), P. 19. Charles E. Jones, The Books You Read (Harrisburg, PA: Executive Books, 1985), P. 118.

Faraday: Speculations “[T]hough the thought of death brings the thought of judgment, it also brings to the Christian thought of Him [Jesus Christ] who died, … [and] rose again for the justification of those who believe in Him. ” Michael Faraday Walter Jerrold, Michael Faraday, Man of Science, p. 120. Stephen Abbott Northrop, D. D. , A Cloud of Witnesses (Portland, OR: American Heritage Ministries, 1987; Mantle Ministries, 228 Still Ridge, Bulverde, Texas), p. 147. “Speculations! I know nothing about speculations. I’m resting on certainties. `I know my Redeemer liveth’ and because He lives I shall also live. ” purported to Faraday near death when queried by reporters about “speculations” of life after death. Michael Faraday: Father of Electronics, Ludwig Charles, 1978, Herald Press, Scottsdale, PA.

“Christ [is] the power of God and the wisdom of God. The Christian religion is a revelation and that revelation is the Word of God. ” Michael Faraday George Wilson, Short Biographies for the People, Vol. IV. Stephen Abbott Northrop, D. D. , A Cloud of Witnesses (Portland, Oregon: American Heritage Ministries, 1987; Mantle Ministries, 228 Still Ridge, Bu. Iverde, Texas), p. 147 -8. Faraday’s faith in Christ

James Clerk Maxwell and the Christian Proposition Ian Hutchinson MIT IAP Seminar: The Faith of Great Scientists, Jan 98 “Clearly, from this early age, a devout Christian faith and demanding mental discipline were, for Maxwell, part of the same experience. ” http: //silas. psfc. mit. edu/Maxwell/maxwell. html

Johannes Kepler “I believe only and alone in the service of Jesus Christ. In Him is all refuge and solace. ” http: //www. leaderu. com/offices/schaefer/docs/scientists. html

Pascal: A Christian Faith Scholar “We know God only through Jesus Christ… through Jesus Christ we know God. All who have pretended to know God, and prove Him without Jesus Christ, have only had impotent proofs. ” Pensees is French for "thoughts" "There is a God-shaped vacuum in the heart of every man, which only God can fill through His Son Jesus Christ. "

Pascal’s Wager… “How can anyone lose who chooses to become a Christian? If, when he dies, there turns out to be no God and his faith was in vain, he has lost nothing - in fact, he has been happier in life than his nonbelieving friends. If, however, there is a God and a heaven and hell, then he has gained heaven and his skeptical friends will have lost everything in hell!” Henry H. Morris, Men of Science-Men of God (El Cajon, CA: Master Books, A Division of Creation Life Publishers, Inc. , 1988), pp. 15 -16.

Pascal’s Wager: A Venn Diagram

Science & Faith… Premise #1: Some Scientists, Engineers and Mathematicians embrace a strong belief in God. Motivation for research, in certain cases, stems in part from their curiosity of discovering God’s creation and the awe and remarkable beauty of the relationships they uncover. Knowing the painting is not the same as knowing the painter. “Premise #2: The knowing of God, the creator of the universe, personally Belief in God’s supremacy and saving grace made possible through the sacrifice of His Son, Jesus Christ. ”

What Christians believe: 1. God LOVES you and offers a wonderful PLAN for your life. He loves you & wants you to know Him personally! 2. Man is SINFUL (imperfect) and SEPARATED from God. Therefore, you cannot know perfect and experience God's love and plan for your life. www. ccci. org/laws/languages. html imperfect

What Christians Believe (cont). . . 3. Jesus Christ is God's ONLY provision for man's sin. Through Him you can know and experience God's love and plan for your life.

What Christians Believe (cont) 4. We must individually RECEIVE the gift of Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord (Master); then we can know and experience God's peace, love and plan for our lives.

Pascal’s Conversion Pascal’s conversion to Christianity. Found in the lining of his coat on his death Monday, Nov 23, 1654 Certitude. Feeling. Joy. Peace. God of Jesus Christ. "Thy God and my God. " (Jn 20: 17) Forgetfulness of the world and of everything, except God. “Memorial In the year of grace, 1654, On Monday, 23 rd of November, Feast of St Clement, Pope and Martyr, And others in the Martyrology, Vigil of St Chrysogonus, Martyr, and others, From about half past ten in the evening until about half past Twelve, Fire! God of Abraham, God of Isaac, God of Jacob, (Ex 3: 6; Mt 22: 32) Not of the philosophers and scholars. Certitude. Feeling. Joy. Peace. God of Jesus Christ. "Thy God and my God. " (Jn 20: 17) Forgetfulness of the world and of everything, except God. He is to be found only in the ways taught in the Gospel. Greatness of the Human Soul. "Righteous Father, the world hath not known Thee, But I have known Thee. " (Jn 17: 25) Joy, joy, tears of joy. I have separated myself from Him. "They have forsaken Me, the fountain of living waters. " (Jn 2: 13) "My God, wilt Thou leave me? " (Mt 27: 46) Let me not be separated from Him eternally. "This is eternal life, That they might know Thee, the only true God, And Jesus Christ, whom Thou hast sent. " (Jn 17: 3) Jesus Christ. . . Let me not be separated from Him eternally. "This is eternal life, That they might know Thee, the only true God, And Jesus Christ, whom Thou hast sent. " (Jn 17: 3) Joy, joy, tears of joy.

Pascal’s Conversion (cont) “Jesus Christ I have separated myself from Him: I have fled from Him, denied Him, crucified Him. Let me never be separated from Him. We keep hold of Him only by the ways taught in the Gospel. Renunciation, total and sweet. Total submission to Jesus Christ and to my director. Eternally in joy for a day's training on earth. "I will not forget thy words. " (Ps 119: 16) Amen.

Pascal’s Conversion (cont) PRAYER (traditional language): Almighty God, who didst grant to thy servant Blaise Pascal a Great intellect, that he might explore the mysteries of thy creation, and didst kindle in his heart a love for thee and a devotion to thy service: Mercifully grant to us thy servants, according to our several callings, gifts of excellence in body, mind, and will, and the grace to use them diligently and to thy glory, through Jesus Christ our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with thee and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever. PRAYER (contemporary language): Almighty God, who gave your servant Blaise Pascal a great Intellect, that he might explore the mysteries of your creation, creation and who kindled in his heart a love for you and a devotion to your service: Mercifully give us your servants, according to our various callings, gifts of excellence in body, mind, and will, and the grace to use them diligently and to your glory, through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever. ” ever (translation by Emile Caillet and John C. Blankenagel, Great Shorter Works of Pascal, Philadelphia, Westminster Press, 1948). See http: //justus. anglican. org/resources/bio/233. html

Solomon’s Sage Advice. . . 11 The words of the wise are like goads, their collected sayings like firmly embedded nails-given by one Shepherd. Solomon’s Sage Advice 12 Be warned, my son, of anything in addition to them. 12 b. Of making many books there is no end, and much study wearies the body. 13. Now all has been heard; here is the conclusion of the matter: Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the whole [duty] of man. Ecclesiastes 12