Scientific Method Section 1 2 Flowchart Section 1

Scientific Method Section 1 -2

Flowchart Section 1 -2 Designing an Experiment Scientific Method State the Problem Analyze Results Form a Hypothesis Draw a Conclusion Set Up a Controlled Experiment Publish Results Record Results Go to Section:

Controlled Experiments • When possible a hypothesis should be tested by an experiment with only one variable changed at a time. – Variables: factor in an experiment that can change – Controlled variables: kept the same on purpose – This means you’ll probably have several variables that are controlled or that stay the same in an experiment.

Manipulated and Responding Variables • Manipulated Variable (Independent) The one variable in a controlled experiment that is changed. • Responding Variable (Dependent) The variable observed because it should be changing in someway. (maggots)

OBSERVATIONS: Flies land on meat that is left uncovered. Later, maggots appear on the meat. HYPOTHESIS: Flies produce maggots. PROCEDURE Uncovered jars Controlled Variables: jars, type of meat, location, temperature, time Covered jars Several days pass Manipulated Variables: gauze covering that keeps flies away from meat Responding Variable: whether maggots Maggots appear No maggots appear CONCLUSION: Maggots form only when flies come in contact with meat. Spontaneous generation of maggots did not occur. Go to Section:

Field Studies • When experiments are not possible. • Devise hypothesis that can be tested in other ways – Usually by observation – Scientific techniques (More on this one later!)