Scientific Classification The Six Kingdoms Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria

Scientific Classification & The Six Kingdoms Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria Plantae Fungi Animalia

Why do we classify living things? • The classification system helps us to better describe more of the interdependence between life on our planet. • By classifying organisms we can better understand how they work together in ecosystems. • Systems in our body and on our earth consist of structures and functions.

How did classification come about? • Before the 1700’s- Scientists divided organisms into two groupsuntil they found organisms that did not fit into either group • In the 1700’s - Carolus Linnaeus founded modern taxonomy, which is classifying things based on shape and structure • The seven-level system of classification was founded

Scientific Classification Scientific classification is a method by which biologists group or categorize species of organisms. Domain Did Kingdom King Phylum Phillip Class Come Order Over Family For Genus Good Species Spaghetti

Example: Human Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primate Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: H. sapiens

Example: Tiger Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Feidae Genus: Panthera Species: P. tigris

Example: Coconut Palm Tree Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Arecales Family: Arecaceae Genus: Cocos Species: C. nucifera

Three:

Domains (Super Kingdoms) Domains are the broadest classification level. Biologists organized all living organisms into either 1. Eukarya 2. Archaea 3. Eu. Bacteria

Fungi Protists

Protista • Single or multi-cellular organisms that do not fit in the animal, plant, or fungi kingdom (most are single-celled) • Eukaryotic • Most are microscopic • Reproduce asexually • Move independently using cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia • Some make their own food; others do not • Some may be found in fresh-water ponds • Examples: Protozoa (animal-like protists), Algae (plant-like protists), slime and water molds (fungi -like protists), Paramecium, and Euglena

Examples of Protista Locomotion This microscopic protist uses cilia to move around. Cilia are hair-like organelles extending from a eukaryotic cell to aid in locomotion. This protist uses a flagellum for locomotion. A flagellum is a long, whip-like organelle. This protist uses pseudopodia to get around. Pseudo- means “fake” and – podia means “feet. ” The cytoplasm of the cell temporarily moves about to aid in locomotion. Sketch these pictures on your notes.

Archaebacteria • Ancient bacteria that thrives in extreme environments • Have existed for at least 3 billion years • Prokaryotic • Single-celled • Reproduce asexually • Some make their own food • Some move independently • Love heat, moisture, & salt • Form yellow and orange rings around hot springs where the temperature is about 90 degrees Celsius

Examples of Archaebacteria Sketch these pictures on your notes. Rings of archaebacteria around a hot spring A species of archaebacteria Underwater sea vent

Eubacteria Sketch these pictures on your notes. • All modern bacteria; excludes Archaebacteria • Contains most bacteria that live on or near the Earth’s surface and most of the bacteria alive today • Prokaryotic E. Coli • Single-celled • Reproduce asexually • Some make their own food • Some move independently • Can be found in the human body • Esherichia coli- bacteria that lives in the human intestines that helps blood clot; E coli- changes milk into yogurt; Some cause illness in humans such as ear and sinus infections

Plantae • The kingdom that contains plants • Complex, multi-cellular organisms that are usually green and use the sun’s energy to make sugar by photosynthesis • Eukaryotic cells with cell walls • Most are macroscopic • Can not move (sessile) • Some reproduce sexually, others asexually • Some live in areas with good rain fall; others can live where there is little rain fall like the desert • Used for food, building materials, clothing, oxygen, cleaning the air… Sketch these pictures on your notes.

Athlete’s Foot Fungi • The kingdom of complex organisms that obtain food by breaking down other substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients • Almost all are multi-cellular • Eukaryotic • They were once classified in the plant kingdom, but they do not make their own food and some are animallike. • Are considered parasites or decomposers. • They cannot move independently. • Reproduce sexually or asexually. • Environment – like dark and moist places • Some are microscopic (athletes foot) and some are macroscopic (mushrooms). • Interesting fact: Penicillin is made from mold (which is a fungus).

Animalia • Multi-cellular organisms that have a nervous system and react to their surroundings. • Move independently (mobile) • Eukaryotic • Most are macroscopic • Some reproduce sexually; others asexually • Do not make their own food

Hydra • Animalia • Reproduces asexually