Science Starter http www youtube comwatch vh 5

Science Starter http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=h 5 j. Tv. DQV 8 Xc After watching the commercial, answer the following questions: 1) What is it advertising? 2) What events do you hypothesize happened that lead to the fish ending up the way it did?

Today’s Agenda • • • Warm Up & Agenda Groundwater notes Aquifer Lab Post-lab Exit Ticket

OBJECTIVE: We will be able to illustrate the storage and movement of groundwater in aquifers 3

EXPLORATON: If you dumped a cup of water on the ground outside of Vance High School, where do you think the water would go? 4

GROUNDWATER Precipitation that does not evaporate, flows into a body of water, or gets taken up by organisms and sinks down through the soil and becomes groundwater. Groundwater is held in aquifers.

GROUNDWATER Precipitation that does not evaporate, flows into a body of water, or gets taken up by organisms and sinks down through the soil and becomes groundwater. Groundwater is held in aquifers.

Aquifer = a porous formation of rock, sand, or gravel that holds water.

Zone of Aeration: pore spaces are partly filled with water.

Zone of Saturation: pore spaces are completely filled with water.

The water table: boundary between two zones

FAST FACT • 40% of America's rivers are too polluted for fishing, swimming, or aquatic life. • Even worse are America's lakes— 46% are too polluted for fishing, swimming, or aquatic life.

Impermeable Layer: pores are too small and water cannot pass through

IMPERMEABLE LAYERS Clay, granite 15

1. unconfined aquifer = can be easily refilled by surface water; top boundary is water table 2. confined aquifer = between two layers of impermeable rock

TAPPING INTO GROUND WATER Human’s often drill wells to dig into aquifers. 17

TAPPING INTO GROUND WATER Overuse of a well draws from the water table, creating a cone of depression. 18

BRING IT ALL TOGETHER 19

LAB Roles Soil Layers: Precipitation: Pollution: Answer the three pre-lab questions! 20

An aquifer is an underground source of drinking water (groundwater). Often people will drill wells on their property to tap into their local aquifers. Unfortunately, it is easy for the water in an aquifer to become contaminated from pollutants. In this lab you will create a model of an aquifer and how it can LAB 21

LAB 1) Add a ½ inch of sand to the bottom of your cup. 2) Pour in water. 3) Flatten your Play-Doh. Add it on top of the sand from edge to edge. 22

LAB 23

LAB 4) Add in a layer of gravel. 5) Add in a layer of sand. 6) Now add more water! 24

LAB 25

LAB Which of our layers are impermeable? Is there a confined aquifer? Draw your zone of saturation. Draw your zone of aeration. Draw your water table. 26

LAB 7) Add a mountain on top of your aquifer. 8) Drop several drops of “pollution” and water on to the mountain. What do we call its movement? Where does the pollution move? 27

LAB 28

LAB 9) Use your straw to drill a well. 10) Often times people drop pollution down old, unused wells. Drop pollution down the well. How does this impact our aquifers? 29

LAB 30

Post-Lab Questions • Thinking about the commercial we saw on the warm-up, aquifer notes, and the lab we did today, answer the post lab questions about groundwater and water pollution 31

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HOMEWORK • A friend is dumping some old paint and car oil into the gutter by his house, claiming that the rain water will wash it away and dilute it. “No harm done!” they said. Explain to him or her, in AT LEAST FIVE sentences why what they did was a poor decision. Include where it goes, and how it can be harmful to the environment and life. 33

EXIT TICKET ___1. On Earth, groundwater is stored in___. a. Lakes b. Aquifers c. Rivers d. clouds ___2. Through which process could rain water seep into the ground to become ground water a. evaporation c. condensation b. infiltration d. transpiration ___3. Following a snowstorm, water slowly makes its way into an aquifer located above impermeable clay. Which term best describes this aquifer? a. Confined aquifer c. Unconfined aquifer b. River d. Lake __4. If water is removed from a well faster than the aquifer can be recharged, what will happen to the water table near the well? a. The water table will remain at the same level. b. The water table will create a cone of depression. c. The entire water table will lower. d. More water will flow into the aquifer above __5. . In the zone of saturation, the pores are mainly filled with ______. a. Air c. Water b. Other sediments d. Half air and half water