Science Basics Metric System The metric system is
Science Basics
Metric System • The metric system is based on a base unit that corresponds to a certain kind of measurement • Length = meter • Volume = liter • Mass = gram • Prefixes plus base units make up the metric system – Example: • Centi + meter = Centimeter • Kilo + liter = Kiloliter
Every measurement must have a unit.
Common Metric Units Length Mass 1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm) 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g) 1 meter = 1000 millimeters (mm) 1 gram = 1000 milligrams (mg) 1000 meters = 1 kilometer (km) 1000 kilograms = 1 metric ton (t) Volume Temperature 1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (m. L) 0 o. C = freezing point of water 1 liter = 1000 cubic centimeters (cm 3) 100 o. C = boiling point of water
How do we convert the unit? Move the decimal Ex: 55 meters converted to centimeters? 5500 cm
How do we convert the unit? Move the decimal Ex: 7700 ml converted to liters? 7. 7 liters
Measurements • Length • Base unit = meter (m) • Units used most are kilometer (km), meter (m), centimeter (cm), and millimeter (mm) • Volume (of regularly shaped objects) • Volume is the amount of space something occupies • Volume = L x W x H length (L) X width (W) X height (H)
Measurements • Volume units for solids are usually meters cubed (m 3) or centimeters cubed (cm 3) • Volume units for liquids are usually liters (l) or milliliters (ml) • When performing conversions, remember: 1 cm 3 = 1 ml
Measure water by the meniscus by observing it on a flat surface and at eye level.
Water displacement • Determining the volume of an irregularly shaped object • Use Water Displacement technique • Add water to graduated cylinder, record the volume • Add the object and record the new volume • Subtract the volume from step 1 from the volume from step 2 • Convert volume from ml to cm 3 • 1 ml = 1 cm 3
Water Displacement
Measurements • Mass vs. Weight • Mass: the amount of matter that an object contains; remains the same • Weight: depends on the force of gravity – it changes depending upon where the measurement is taken (Earth vs. Moon) • Units of measuring mass are kilograms (kg), grams (g), or milligrams (mg)
Measurements • Density is the measure of how much matter is packed into a given volume • Density = LOVE!! Density = Mass Volume M =V • Unit of measurement for density: • solids = g/cm 3 • liquids = g/l or g/ml
Density is LOVE
Density Triangle
Sink or Swim? • Any solid will sink in water if it has a density greater than the density of water. • Water has a density of 1 g/ml. • Any solid with a density greater than 1 g/cm 3 will sink, anything less than 1 g/cm 3 will float.
Temperature • Unit = Celsius (o. C) • 0 o. C is the freezing point of water and 100 o. C is the boiling point
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