Science 10 Unit 4 Ecosystems Lesson 1 Biomes

Science 10 Unit 4: Ecosystems Lesson 1: Biomes

Objectives By the end of the lesson you should be able to: • Explain the difference between biotic and abiotic • Identify the biotic and abiotic features in a picture/diagram • State the biomes of Canada

Definitions • Biosphere: area near Earth’s surface where living things can exist.

Definitions • Abiotic: anything that is non-living • Biotic: anything that is living

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Factors That Influence the Characteristics and Distribution of Biomes • Biome: large region that has similar biotic and abiotic factors • Certain characteristics help to identify biomes. w Temperature and precipitation are two of the most important abiotic factors. w Other factors include latitude, elevation, and ocean currents. Biomes of the World See pages 10 - 13 (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

World Biomes

Canadian Biomes • Use your map (now beautifully coloured) to determine which biomes are located in Canada • Use the chart and the textbook (Pgs 20 - 28) to gather more data on each biome

Factors That Influence the Characteristics and Distribution of Biomes (continued) • Latitude is an abiotic factor that influences biomes. w Latitude is the distance north and south from the equator. w Latitude influences both temperature and precipitation. § The tropical zone has very warm temperatures and high precipitation. § The tropical zone receives more direct sunlight than do temperate zones. Zones of the World See pages 14 - 15 (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

(c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

• Elevation also influences biomes. w The atmosphere is thinner at higher elevations, and therefore less heat is retained. (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

• Ocean currents carry warmth and moisture to coastal areas. w Where warm currents meet land, temperate biomes are found. (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

Climatographs • Climate refers to the average pattern of weather conditions of a large region over a period of 30 years or more. w A climatograph shows the average temperature and precipitation for a location over a period of 30 years or more. • Biomes are often defined using information in climatographs. w Temperature = red lines w Precipitation = blue lines See pages 16 - 17 (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

(c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

(c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

Your Turn! • Pg 30/31: Analyzing Climatographs Use the graph paper when drawing your graphs Add the climatographs to your Biomes Chart

Adaptations and Biomes • Biomes are often identified with characteristic biotic factors, such as a cactus in the desert or a caribou on the tundra. w Many of these characteristic factors have special adaptations for that biome. w An adaptation is a characteristic that allows an organism to better survive and reproduce. 1. Structural adaptation – a physical feature that helps an organism survive • A wolf has large paws to help it run in snow. 2. Physiological adaptation – a physical or chemical event inside the body of an organism that allows it to survive • A wolf maintains a constant body temperature. 3. Behavioural adaptation – a behaviour that helps an organism to survive See pages 18 - 19 • Wolves hunt in packs to capture large prey. (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

A Survey of Biomes: Tundra and Boreal Forest See pages 20 - 21 (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

A Survey of Biomes: Temperate Deciduous Forest and Temperate Rainforest See pages 22 - 23 (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

A Survey of Biomes: Grassland (Temperate and Tropical) See pages 24 - 25 (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

A Survey of Biomes: Tropical Rainforest and Desert (Hot and Cold) See pages 26 - 27 (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

A Survey of Biomes: Permanent Ice (Polar Ice) See page 28 (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007