SCIAMACHY Measures Ozone JeanChristopher LAMBERT and Henk ESKES
SCIAMACHY Measures Ozone Jean-Christopher LAMBERT and Henk ESKES on behalf of the SCIAMACHY Team
2 SCIAMACHY measures ozone • Does SCIAMACHY confirm the predicted stabilization of the ozone layer? • How does SCIAMACHY help us in understanding atmospheric ozone and in supporting policies for its protection? • How are the Montreal protocol and its successive amendments actually performing?
3 What and where is the stratospheric ozone layer? UV-BUV-A ≈ 90% ≈ 10%
4 Why are halogens dangerous for the ozone layer? ⇨ Chlorine and bromine are catalytic ozone killers.
5 The Montréal Protocol • 1985: Ozone hole published • 1985: Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (20 countries) • 1987: Montréal Protocol signed by 24 countries + EU • Four amendments ⇨ 1992 • 1996: stop of production • Montreal Protocol today: 191 countries © WMO 2006
6 Predicted ozone recovery after Montréal Protocol © WMO 2006 1960 1980 2000 now End of 21 st century Many uncertainties ⇨ UN Convention requires monitoring!
7 WMO Global Atmosphere Watch © IASB-BIRA © AWI © IASB-BIRA © KNMI © IFE/IUP © KNMI © AWI
8 Satellite ozone monitoring OMI/Aura: 2004 → ? TOMS: 1978 → 2002 1970 1980 SCIAMACHY/Envisat: 2002 → ? 1990 2000 GOME/ERS-2: 1995 → 2003 2010 2020 GOME-2/Met. Op: 2007 → ?
9 SCIAMACHY diagnostics the ozone hole formation Polar Night PSC NO 2 Polar Spring Br. O, Cl. O + Cl. O O 3
10 SCIAMACHY and the vertical structure of the ozone layer • HALOE on UARS • SCIAMACHY on Envisat
11 SCIAMACHY contributes to WMO Assessments ozone hole survey chlorine activation
12 Long-term monitoring of the ozone hole (1979 -2007)
13 Influence of meteorology on the ozone hole 25 September 2002 25 September 2003 First-time ever observation of a South pole vortex break-up and ozone hole splitting in September
14 Ozone and ultraviolet radiation Southern springtime 2006
15 Ultraviolet Radiation Forecasts using SCIAMACHY UV-radiation UV-index forecast skin cancer
16 Summary • SCIAMACHY shows that the ozone layer is stabilizing but not yet recovering. • SCIAMACHY also observes the causes of ozone destruction and improves the scientific understanding of atmospheric ozone • Ozone chemistry is controlled by complex dynamics and by climate interactions. Models are limited in predicting future. Long-term measurements are required. • UV radiation forecasts based on SCIAMACHY ozone data are of direct use to the public. ⇨ Through SCIAMACHY, our three countries (D, NL, B) provide a major contribution to the necessary monitoring of the ozone layer.
- Slides: 16