School of Geography FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT Introduction to

School of Geography FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT Introduction to Arc. GIS

Introductions • Does everyone have Arc. GIS on their desktops? • Who uses Arc. GIS regularly? • If so, what is your main use of GIS? • What would you like to be able to do?

What is GIS? • Many definitions available • System for display, storage, mapping, analysis of spatial data • Many acronyms for GIS • Geographic Information Systems • Geographic Information Science • Body of Knowledge • Geographic Information Services, etc.

History of Arc. GIS Arc/INFO (Unix) 1969 1982 1989 PC Arc/INFO (DOS + Windows) Jack Dangermond founds ESRI 1992 Arc. View + Arc/INFO 1999 Arc. GIS v. 8. 0 (to v 8. 3) 2002 Arc. View 3. 3 “retired product” 2004 Arc. GIS v. 9. 0 2008 Arc. GIS v. 9. 3

Overview of Applications Arc. GIS Server Arc. SDE Arc. IMS Arc. GIS Engine Arc. Objects Arc. GIS Desktop Arc. Reader Arc. GIS Explorer Arc. GIS Mobile Arc. Pad

Overview of Arc. GIS Desktop • Arc. GIS Desktop has three levels of licensing: • Arc. View • Mapping + geoprocessing + data management • Arc. Editor • Arc. View + additional editing + additional geoprocessing • Arc. Info • Arc. Editor + advanced geoprocessing + extensive database management + high-end cartography

Arc. GIS Desktop Components • Arc. Catalog • Arc. Map • Arc. Toolbox • Extensions • 3 D Analyst, Spatial Analyst, Network Analyst, Geostatistical Analyst, Crime Analyst, Arc. GIS Schematics, Business Analyst, PLTS, Data Interoperability, Tracking Analyst, Arc. GIS Publisher, Survey Analyst, Arc. Scan (included with Arc. Editor license), Maplex (included with Arcinfo license) http: //www. esri. com/software/arcgis/about/desktop_extensions. html http: //support. esri. com/index. cfm? fa=software. extentions

Data Models - 1 • How we represent real world spatial phenomena • Two main models: • Vector • Points (single x, y coordinate) • Lines (strings of x, y coordinates) • Polygons (closed string of x, y coordinates) • Raster • A grid of (often) square-shaped cells • Individual cells together are used to create a layer of points, lines and areas

Data Models - 2 • Other models: • Surfaces for 3 D visualisation • Networks (geometric, transportation)

ESRI Data Formats • Coverages (vector) and GRIDs (raster) • Consists of two folders: • name of coverage or grid • INFO directory • Shapefiles • Geodatabases Examples of coverages in Windows File Explorer

Shapefiles <filename>. shp stores the spatial or feature information <filename>. dbf d. BASE file contains attribute information about the spatial features <filename>. shx stores the index of the features <filename>. sbn stores the spatial index of features <filename>. sbx also stores information pertaining to the spatial index of features <filename>. prj contains projection information

Geodatabases • Core Arc. GIS data model • A comprehensive model for representing and managing geographic data • Personal Geodatabase • Single user editing / multiple readers • Stored in MS Access • Size limit of 2 GB • File Geodatabase • Single user editing / multiple readers • 1 TB per table • Reduced storage requirements • Arc. GIS Arc. SDE Geodatabase • Stored in an Enterprise DBMS • Supports multiuser editing via versioning • Requires Arc. Editor or Arc. Info to edit Arc. SDE Personal Geodatabase File Geodatabase Arc. SDE Geodatabase Oracle SQL Server DB 2 Informix Postgre. SQL

Arc. Catalog • these formats are comprised of many files so you need a GIS data management system

The Arc. Catalog Interface 1 Title bar 4 Standard toolbar 2 Location toolbar 5 Dockable toolbars 3 Metadata toolbar 6 Catalog Tree (navigation) 7 Geography Preview Mode

Catalog Tree • Icons identify data types • Right-click of a context menus • Supports drag, drop, copy, paste • Displays folder connections • Displays other connections • Arc. SDE databases • Web servers (internal, ESRI) Context menu

Different Views – Contents Tab

Preview - Geography

Preview - Table View

Metadata View

Management tasks • Copy, paste, delete, rename data • Move to other locations • Create new objects • Connect to folders

Searching for Data • Edit Search • can search for geography or metadata • can search using different parameters • Name + physical location • Geography • Date

Arc. Catalog Options • Tools Options • Manage Arc. Catalog’s content and behaviour • Add new file types (e. g. ppt) • Set font characteristics for tables • Set geoprocessing environment • Set metadata defaults

Metadata • Descriptive information about data • Content • Quality • Condition • Origin • Other characteristics • But do you really need it? • All GIS resources need metadata • Spatial data • Non-spatial data

Metadata in Arc. Catalog • one-stop shop for all your metadata needs • can create metadata for anything visible in the catalog • Arc. Catalog has the tools for working with it • Tools Options Metadata tab • Metadata toolbar for working with metadata

Metadata Components • Documentation: metadata elements the user can edit • Abstract • Purpose • Use constraints • Etc. • Properties: elements that update automatically • Names and types of attributes • Coordinate system information • Bounding coordinates • Etc.

Metadata Standards • GEMINI v. 2. 1 is the UK metadata standard (Oct 2007) • based on ISO 19115 • to meet the requirements for metadata of the EU INSPIRE Directive http: //www. gigateway. org. uk/metadata/standards. html

Create and update metadata • Automatically • Created first time an item’s metadata is viewed • Updated whenever metadata is viewed in metadata tab • Edit metadata button • Manually • Tools Options Metadata tab • Create / Update metadata button • Choose your stylesheet here

Metadata Editor

More Information on Metadata • Sample code or custom applications to automate metadata production from the ESRI Developer Network • http: //edn. esri. com – find resources for Arc. GIS 9. 2 and prior and in Code Exchange, enter “metadata”) • Metadata Spell. Checker • Edit Metadata in Arc. Map • Create Metadata for All in Folder • Metadata Quick Editor (executable file) • Template Exporter • Etc.

In Summary Arc. Catalog allows you to: • Browse, manage and find spatial data • Record, view and manage metadata • Search for GIS data on local drives, networks and the Web • Define, import and export geodatabases and other datasets • Create and manage the schemas of geodatabases • Administer Arc. SDE geodatabases • Administer an Arc. GIS server

An Introduction to Arc. Catalog Hands-on Exercise #1

The Arc. Map Interface 4 Standard Toolbar 3 Main Menu Toolbar 5 Tools Toolbar 1 Table of Contents 2 Map Display 6 Drawing Toolbar

Adding Layers • Use the Add Data button • Search for data in Arc. Catalog and slide the data into Arc. Map

Right-click: Context Menu

Tools Toolbar Zoom in to a fixed extent Pan Go to previous extent Select features Select elements Find Measure Zoom out to a fixed extent Go to full extent Go to next extent Clear selected features Identify Go to X-Y coordinate Hyperlink

An Introduction to Arc. Map Hands-on Exercise #2