SCHOOL MZUMBE SECONDARY SCHOOL NAME MBERWA D SUBJECT

• SCHOOL: MZUMBE SECONDARY SCHOOL • NAME: MBERWA D • SUBJECT: HISTORY • TOPIC: HUMAN EVOLUTION, TECHNOLOGY AND EVIRONMENT • SUB TOPIC: Theories of Human Evolution

Objectives • By the end of lesson students should be able to; • Mention theories of evolution • Explain the stages of human evolution

Evidences of Evolution of the Human Being • On the book of Charles Darwin which was published in 1859 titled “On the Origin of Species” shows two evidences of evolution of man named i. Comparative studies ii. Fossils studies

Comparative Studies • Comparatives done between Animals and Human being by comparing their characteristics and life style.

Cont… • The evidences shows that animals like monkeys shared common characteristics similar to oldest man (ancestors). • The oldest man was studied by using fossils which was resembled with that of monkeys. • Human bones change gradually its shape as it happier new generation.

Fossils Studies • The study based on remained bones found in the ground which shows that human being gradually change in their shape as well as technology as time goes on. • Human bones change gradually its shape as it happier new generation.

Cont…. . • Fossils evidences show main three stages passed by human being named as 1. Ardipithecus 2. Australopithecus 3. Homo

Stage 1. Ardipithecus • This is the earliest evidence of human ancestor who lived from about 5. 8 to 4. 4 million years ago. Has a strong teeth, strong arms and bones which justified the he/she climbed trees and walked on two legs. Ardipithecus was discovered at the Omo archaeological site in Ethiopia.

Stage 2. Australopithecus • Australopithecus is another evidence of human ancestor who lived from about 4. 2 to 2. 0 million years ago after disappearance of Ardipithecus. Was discovered by Raymond Dart in the Taung site in South Africa and Australopithecus boisei (Zinjanthropus) in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania.

Stage 3. Homo • About 2. 5 million years ago the creature called Homo appeared. It was discovered and named Homo because it was believed to represent the first modern human being. Homo differed from Australopithecus by having a smaller body size and having a bigger brain size.

Four Divisions of Homo • (i) Homo habilis lived approximately between 2. 5 and 1. 6 million years ago. They were the first human beings able to make and use tools. Were nicknamed the handyman.

Cont…… • (ii) Homo erectus lived approximately between 1. 9 million and 300, 000 years ago. They were the first to make advanced stone tools called hand axes. They were the first learn how to make and use fire to roasting meat and creating warmth.

Cont… • (iii) Homo sapiens • Homo sapiens lived approximately between 400, 000 and 70, 000 years ago. Some of the sites in Africa where Homo sapiens have been found include Laetoli, near lake Eyasi and Lake Ndutu in Tanzania.

Cont…. (iv) Homo sapiens These were the forefathers and mothers of modern human beings. Their fossil remains are spread all over the world. They date approximately between 150, 000 and 20, 000 years ago. They have relatively larger brain size than that of Home sapiens.

4. 2 to 2. 0 millions years ago 5. 8 to 4. 4 million years age 2. 5 millions years ago to 20, 000 years

Australopithecus H/habilis Ardipithecus Homo H/sapiens H/erectus H/sapiens

Take home assignment • Qn. Think and write on your exercise book five weaknesses of evolution theory as the challenges to Charles Darwin’s evidences.

By Mwl. Diocles Mberwa mzumbe sec.