Schizophrenia By Monique Cruz What is Schizophrenia Spectrum

Schizophrenia By: Monique Cruz

What is Schizophrenia? Spectrum disorder ○ Psychotic disorder ○ Schizotypal (personality disorder) ○ Brain disorder ○ Behavior disorder Commonly described as a psychosis Hallucinations-seeing or hearing things that are not here Delusions-beliefs that are easy to proven wrong Disorganized speech- sentences that don’t make sense to others or jump from topic to topic Abnormal behavior- Acting in an odd matter, and repetitive movement

Etiology Caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental ○ Season of birth- Late winter/ early spring, and summer ○ Urban environment Genetic ○ Pregnancy and birth complications ○ Paternal age ○ Infection ○ Malnutrition ○ Maternal Diabetes ○ Other medical conditions

Symptoms Depends on the time of onset, severity and duration of symptoms, which are categorized as positive, negative and cognitive. All three kinds of symptoms reflect problems in brain functioning. Positive symptom Can be severe or mild Delusions, hallucinations and thought disorders. Negative symptom Reflect a loss of functioning in areas such as emotion or motivation.

Developmental Challenges Behavioral: social isolation, disorganized behavior, aggression, agitation, compulsive behavior, excitability, hostility, repetitive movements, self harm, or lack of restraint Cognitive: thought disorder, delusion, amnesia, belief that an ordinary event has special and personal meaning, belief that thoughts aren't one's own, disorientation, memory loss, mental confusion, slowness in activity, or false belief of superiority Mood: anger, anxiety, apathy, feeling detached from self, general discontent, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, elevated mood, or inappropriate emotional response

Continue. . . Psychological: hallucination, paranoia, hearing voices, depression, fear, persecutory delusion, or religious delusion Speech: circumstantial speech, incoherent speech, rapid and frenzied speaking, or speech disorder Also common: fatigue, impaired motor coordination, or lack of emotional response

What age do the symptoms of schizophrenia appear? Appears between late teens and mid 30’s The peak of Schizophrenia is early 20’s for males and late 20’s early for females. Very early onset schizophrenia (childhood schizophrenia) is rare - Age before 13 and younger Early onset schizophrenia- Age before 18

Childhood onset schizophrenia By 1980 childhood schizophrenia became a separate diagnosis ○ Before then children were being diagnosed with Autism The confusion still happens today as Childhood Schizophrenia is rare ○ Confusion of paranoid and oppositional disorders Schizophrenia Myths: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=BIlig. WBt. Jus

Early Signs and Symptoms Developmental Challenges ○ Language delays ○ Late or unusual crawling ○ Other abnormal motor behaviors Hallucinations and delusions Symptoms may be unclear where you can’t recognize, or may label them as developmental phase. * Important to recognize very early childhood schizophrenia because these symptoms

Early Onset schizophrenia Symptoms in teenagers are similar to adulthood schizophrenia Condition may be difficult to diagnose as the typical development during teen years consist of Withdrawal from friends and family Low performance in school Trouble Sleeping Mood swings/ irritability Abnormal behavior More likely to have hallucinations

Subtypes of Schizophrenia Catatonic Disorganized Undifferentiated Paranoid Residual

Diagnostic Practice Physical Exams ○ Suspect other problems that may be causes the symptoms Test and Screenings ○ Help eliminate other conditions with similar symptoms Psychological evaluation ○ Asking patient personal question such as: personal and family history, thoughts, self-harm, behavior patterns etc.

Diagnostic Criteria DSM-IV A) Need to have two or more of the following symptoms. Have to be present for a certain amount of time (1 month). At least of of the symptoms have to be (1), (2), or(3) 1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized speech 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5. Negative symptoms B) level of functioning in one or more major areas is marked below the achieved level, or failure to achieve expected developmental level ( Childhood/ Adolescence) C) Duration for at least 6 months of the symptoms and at least 1 month from Criteria (A) D) Must not meet schizoaffective disorder and/or depressive, bipolar disorder E) Schizophrenia is not caused to physiological effects of substance abuse and/ or other medical conditions F) Relationship to autism spectrum disorder or communication disorder -additional diagnosis of Childhood onset schizophrenia only if delusion/ hallucinations are present for 1 month or more

Treatments Treatment is usually lifelong, consists of antipsychotics and therapy Medications-by the FDA to treat schizophrenia in teenagers age 13 and older include: Aripiprazole (Abilify) Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Quetiapine (Seroquel) Risperidone (Risperdal) Therapies○ Cognitive behavioral therapy-Natural coping strategies, provide tools to maintain their reality within their disorder ○ Personal therapy-focus for patient to adjust to the stressors of the disorder ○ Compliance therapy- help with being consistent with the medication prescribed ○ Acceptance and compliance therapy- awareness of the hallucinations and delusions

Recommendations for professionals and parents Provide resources for the individual such as therapy and support groups Don’t make the individual feel helpless or ‘crazy’ Listen to the individual of their experience, let them feel heard and understood

Resources Family Therapy Support groups Help Guide: Helping a Person with Schizophrenia http: //www. helpguide. org/mental/schizophrenia_helping_family_member. htm Health and Self-Care Practices of a Person with Schizophreniahttp: //psychiatryonline. org/data/Journals/PSS/3516/827. pdf Schizophrenia A Handbook for Families- http: //www 2. fiu. edu/~otweb/schhbk. htm

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