SCBA Training Salem Fire Department ISI Viking Air

SCBA Training Salem Fire Department ISI Viking Air pack Training 2008

Motivation & Introduction • One of the most important safety items – 1500 Leonardo da Vinci determines need for respiratory protection – To prevent injury and death due to exposure of airborne contaminates – Why must we (Fire Fighters) wear SCBA? • Because OR-OSHA says so? • 5 mil workers require respiratory protection – $94 mil per year in respiratory related injuries – Live longer & healthier (think retirement) – Make it through the shift

History • Alexander Humbolt developed the first self -contained breathing apparatus 1795

History • The Galibert breathing apparatus was an early oxygen rebreather developed in 1864

History • 1877 -The Fayol breathing apparatus may have been the first true pressuredemand apparatus

History • Also in 1877, the La. Cour apparatus was developed in the United States • Very few manufacturers of apparatus prior to 1914, 1 st WW forced improvements • Many departments required beards at least 6 inches as late as 1910

Course Objectives • OSHA respiratory Medical Questionnaire • Identify 3 hazardous atmospheres • Describe respiratory effects of heated gases & O 2 deficient atmospheres • Explain toxic gases produced by ordinary household items • SCBA basic components • When SCBA is ready for use

Course Objectives (Continued) • • SCBA limitations and user limitations Proper maintenance Don and Doff procedures SFD operational guidelines, CCC guidelines and the Respiratory Protection Plan

Course Goals • • Identify all components of the SCBA Proper maintenance & restore to service Don and Doff Identify hazardous atmospheres and when to wear SCBA

Course Goals (Continued) • Know when unit is ready for service when needed • Limitations of SCBA and user • Hazards of compressed air systems and safety considerations • Buddy breathing & other emergency exit techniques

Requirements for Wearing an SCBA • Knowledge – SFD Respiratory Protection Plan • Established program to assist with proper use of respirators • Physical and Medical Requirements – All employees required to wear a respirator will complete medical evaluation form and submit to follow up medical evaluation if necessary

Requirements for wearing an SCBA • Mental and Physical Agility – Employees will be capable of working in environments that require the use of a respirator • Must be able to stand, bend, kneel, reach, lift, etc • Cannot be claustrophobic • Facial Features – SFD will provide you with a mask that fits – Facial hair will not be allowed between the mask seal and the face

Limitations when wearing SCBA • Limited visibility – Fogging of mask • Decreased ability to communicate – Voice diaphragm & Voice Amplification – Respiratory rate and volume • Increased weight – Approximately 30 pounds with Carbon Fiber Bottles • Decreased mobility – Knowledge of how to wear and adjust your SCBA will assist with mobility issues • 45 minutes of air

Types of breathing apparatus • Open Circuit – Most common in fire service – Uses compressed air – Exhaled air is vented outside • Closed Circuit – Uses compressed or liquid Oxygen – Exhaled air is processed through a “rebreather” – 30 min – 4 hours

6 Basic Components of the SCBA • Air Cylinder Assembly – Bottle – Valve & Pressure gauge • Back Frame – Frame Assembly – Straps • Pneumatics – Bottle & RIC connections – Mask mounted regulator – Buddy Breathing hose

6 Basic Components (contunued) • EOSTI – Alarm Bell – Lights • Gauge/PASS Console – Radio Interface – Voice Amplifier – Controls • Mask & HUD

Air Cylinder Assembly • High pressure 2500 psi, approx. 47 cu ft of air – Carbon Fiber wrapped aluminum cylinder – Approximately 20 minutes of supplied air – Valve & Pressure Gauge

WARNING!! • Do not fill SCBA Bottles until you have received proper training

Backpack and Frame • Ergonomic design • Composite Pack frame • Kevlar straps

Pneumatics • Bottle & RIC connection • Mask connection coupling • Buddy Breathing

• Quick disconnect couplings • Located in back frame near bottle valve • 3’ tether w/ a male & female connection • Requires practice • NEVER TAKE YOUR MASK OFF TO ASSIST • ALWAYS RESTORE HOSE WITH THE SYSTEM CHARGED WITH AIR Buddy Breathing

EOSTI (Low Air Alarm) Alarm Sounds at ¼ Air Remaining • Low Air Alarm Bell – In Back Frame • Heads up Display lights – In Mask – Red light only • Pressure Gauge – On Shoulder harness – Less that 12 on gauge

Pressure Gauge - Low Air Alarm This gauge most accurate • Should be within 200 PSI of Tank Gauge • LED display shows pressure remaining in cylinder ( 39 means 3900 psi )

Pressure Gauge & PASS • • Air activated PASS Manual PASS Hands Free Indicator Push to Talk Radio button • PASS alarm light indicators

Facepiece • CBRN Approved • 3 sizes “S-M-L” • Components • • Air Switch By-Pass Knob Voice Amp. Head net harness Polycarbonate visor Optically-corrected Scratch resistant Heads Up Display

Heads up Display ( HUD) • • • Air Status Low battery PASS Pre-Alert Radio Transmit Low Air Alarm (EOSTI)

Heads up Display ‘cont’ • 4 lights full to ¾ • 3 lights ¾ to ½ • 2 lights ( amber & red only ) ½ to ¼ • 1 light ( red ) ¼ tank & low air alarm sounding

Heads up Display ‘cont’ • Pass Alarm in Pre. Alert – Alternating Red & Green lights while in Pre-Alert. – Lights return to Normal Air Status when PASS goes into Full-Alert

Daily Inspections of SCBA • Tank Full • Tank gauge indicates 2200 PSI or above • 2500 PSI is a Full Cylinder • • Entire unit is clean All mask and backframe straps extended All hoses intact and connected Stored correctly

Weekly Inspections of SCBA per NFPA 1404 and 1500 • Tank Full • Tank gauge indicates above 2200 PSI • 2500 PSI is a Full Cylinder • • Entire unit is clean All straps extended All hoses intact and connected Air Switch & Bypass operational

Weekly Inspection - Continued • Charge the System – Listen for 3 sounds to indicate proper function • Air at the Mask regulator • Short Alarm Bell • PASS Alarm Chirps • Check for leaks – Watch & listen for Air leaking • Operate the low pressure alarm

Weekly Inspections – Continued – Check valve for damage – Gauge for pressure – Inspect Cylinder • Look for Cracks, Gouges, any frayed material, or deep scratches • Hydrostatic test – required every 5 years for Carbon Fiber cylinders

Weekly Inspections – Continued – Hydrostatic test dates

Monthly Inspections of SCBA per NFPA 1404 and 1500 • Same as weekly – Check all components for deterioration & damage – Leaks – Operation of all gauges and valves – Proper pressure • ALWAYS CLEAN UNIT IF NECESSARY • ALWAYS TAG DAMAGED UNITS

Yearly Inspections of SCBA per NFPA 1404 and 1500 • “Factory level” testing – Flow testing conducted by certified SFD personnel at Sta 1. – All Maintenance will be performed by the Air Pack Technicians • To include changing of batteries as well

Repair and Maintenance • Repair tags & Out of Service tags – Name, date, user, vehicle #, nature of problem – Green tags vs. red tags • Out of service on while scene – Locate SCBA so it won’t be used

Respiratory Hazards

IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS to LIFE or HEALTH “The maximum concentration from which, in the event of respirator failure, one could escape within 30 minutes without experiencing any escape-impairing or irreversible health effects” IDLH

Elevated Temperatures • Heated air can damage respiratory tract – Moist heated air is worse • Temperature exceeding 120 F – 130 F can cause: – Decreased BP – Failure of the respiratory tract – Severe respiratory edema – Not reversible by providing fresh cool air

Smoke • Smoke mostly combination of: – Tar – Carbon – Dust • Particles provide for the condensation of gaseous products • Some particles are irritating, some are lethal

Oxygen Deficiency • The combustion process consumes O 2 • Creates toxic gases that dilute or displaces O 2 • Effects of O 2 deficiency – 21% - normal – 19. 5% - OK by OSHA – 17% - Increased resp rate, reduced muscular coordination – 12% - Dizziness, headache, rapid fatigue – 9% - Unconsciousness – 6% - Death within a few minutes

Toxic Gases • Some cause disease of lung tissue and impair its function • Some impair O 2 carrying capacity of the red blood cells

Common Gases – Carbon Monoxide • Causes more deaths than any other product of combustion • Colorless, odorless • Present at all fires • Caused By Incomplete combustion • Combines with red blood cells 200 X more readily than O 2

Common Gases - Carbon Monoxide • • • Ppm 100 200 400 800 % in air 0. 01 0. 02 0. 04 0. 08 • • • 1, 000 1, 600 3, 200 0. 16 0. 32 • 6, 400 0. 64 • 12, 800 1. 28 Symptoms No symptoms Mild Headache after 1 to 2 hr Headache after 45 mins. Nausea, collapse, unconscious after 2 hrs Dangerous – unconsciousness after 1 hr Headache, Dizziness, Nausea after 20 mins Headache, dizziness, Nausea after 5 to 10 mins. Unconsciousness after 30 mins. Headache, dizziness, Nausea after 1 to 2 mins. Unconsciousness after 10 to 15 mins. Immediate unconsciousness, Danger of death in 1 to 3 mins

CO

Common Gases – Hydrogen Chloride • Intense irritation of eyes & respiratory tract • Swelling of respiratory tract

Common Gases – Hydrogen Cyanide • Rapid killer – quick & painless • Interferes with exchange of O 2 & CO 2

Common Gases – Carbon Dioxide • Colorless, odorless • End product of combustion • Stimulates the respiratory system

Common Gasses – Carbon Dioxide • • • Ppm 5, 000 20, 000 30, 000 50, 000 % in Air 0. 5 2. 0 3. 0 5. 0 • 80, 000 8. 0 • 100, 000 10. 0 Symptoms No symptoms Breathing rate increases by 50 Breathing rate increases by 100% Vomiting, Dizziness, Disorientation after 30 mins Headache, Vomiting, Dizziness, Breathing difficult after short exposure Death in a few minutes

CO 2

Common Gases – Nitrogen Oxides • 2 types present – Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2)– most dangerous – Nitrogen oxide (NO) – converts to NO 2 with O 2 & moisture – Irritating effects in nose & throat can be tolerated even when a lethal dose is inhaled

Common Gases – Phosgene • Colorless & tasteless • Produced when freon contacts a flame • Full toxic effect not evident for several hours • Forms hydrochloric acid in contact with water • 6 ppm – coughing, eye irritation • 25 ppm – fatal

Chlorine

Ammonia

Methods of Donning and Doffing • Individual Performance Standards – 2. 4. 1 A – 2. 4. 1 B – 2. 4. 1 C – 2. 4. 2 B Donning #1 Donning in a Jump Seat Changing SCBA Bottle SCBA checks

Fit Test Methods • What is the difference in a qualitative and quantitative fit test – A quantitative test is done with a machine, such as the Port-a-count • The machine used on the quantitative test measures the ambient air and samples the air inside the mask and measures the difference in the two

Fit Test Methods (Continued) • The qualitative test does not use a machine but depends on individual reaction – When doing a qualitative test a testing agent such as irritant smoke is blown around the users mask. If the user starts coughing it is an indication of a poor fit – A Banana Oil or Saccharine solution may be used as a testing agent in which the user would be alarmed to a poor fit if he or she could taste the agent

Buddy Breathing Practice, practice • If your lost and running low on air – Notify your partner – Utilize Controlled Breathing – Connect to your partners Buddy Breathing hose – Notify Command for immediate evacuation or rescue

Controlled Breathing – Skip Breathing • CONTROLLED BREATHING – Normal inhalation through the nose – Forced exhales through mouth – Decreases the amount of air consumed • SKIP BREATHING – Inhale-exhale-inhale-exhale – Normal breaths used to extend use of remaining air while keeping CO 2 in lungs in proper balance

Emergency Escape • • • Contact Command RIT Breathing Techniques Know where you are at all times Never remove your mask to help another Keep calm and THINK

How do you tell when it is ready to use? • • • Unit intact and clean All straps fully extended Air Cylinder is Full Face piece clean and in good repair You hear whoosh of air to regulator and alarm sounds • Bottle and regulator gauge reads full • Pass device activates

Maintenance • Clean or decon after every use • Use a Mild soap solution on pack frame and cylinder, IE; dishwashing soap – DO NOT USE HARSH CLEANERS • Clean facepiece with specific soap that is provided • Malfunctioning SCBA – send in for repair