SCADA MH 0307 PLC DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS DEPT

SCADA MH 0307 - PLC & DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS DEPT. OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING SRM UNIVERSITY

INTRODUCTION • SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM • HISTORY – – – Development from telemetry system Weather predictions Rail road tracks Two way system 1960 s ideas for supervisory control 1970 s radio system

DISADVANTAGES OF RELAY SYSTEM • • Relays are used only for on/off control. Complicated control systems. Expensive System takes up much floor and space. Control relays are power- hungry, heat generation. Any change in control program requires the rewiring of relays. For complicated control systems, it is difficult to troubleshoot and locate the faults.

WHY SCADA ? Easily programmed or reprogrammed. Easy maintenance (self diagnostic), reliable. Capability to do arithmetic function. The ability to communicate with other controller or a master host computer. PLCs were able to move past simple on/off control to more complex schemes as PID control. Saves time and money • • • – – • Reduces man power needs. Increases production efficiency of a company. Cost effective for power systems. Saves energy. Supervisory control over a particular system.

WHAT IS SCADA ? • Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition • Supervisory – Operators, engineers, supervisors, etc. • Control – Monitoring, limited, telemetry, remote/local. • Data Acquisition – Access or acquire information or data from the equipment. – Sends it to different sites through telemetry. – Analog / Digital.

APPLICATIONS OF SCADA Almost every business in the manufacturing sector and many in the service sector • Aerospace. • Bottling and Canning. • Petroleum, Petrochemical. • Industrial processes: chemical, power generation and distribution, metallurgy, etc. • Nuclear processes: reactors, nuclear waste, etc.

DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM (DCS) • Process oriented – tendency to do something. • Not event oriented – does not depend on circumstances. • Local control over the devices. • Subordinate to SCADA.

Distributed Control Network Protocol PLC’s Field Bus-Integrator 9 - 12 Oct. 2000 PCa. PAC'2000 - DESY 8

ELEMENTS OF SCADA • Elements of a SCADA system – – Sensors and actuators Remote Terminal Unit (RTUs) / PLCs Communication Master Terminal Unit (MTU) • Front end processor • SCADA server • Historical/Redundant/Safety server • HMI Computer (Human Machine Interface) • HMI Software

SCADA SC ADA ? Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition Archiving, Logging, Access Control, Alarms Graphics and Batch processing Distributed database Data Server PLC’s Field Bus Control Programs 9 - 12 Oct. 2000 PCa. PAC'2000 - DESY 10

SENSORS • Computers are used to control and motions and sequences of machines. • PLC cannot see, hear, feel processes by themselves but use industrial sensors to give industrial controllers these capabilities. • Sensors are used to give feedback to enhance the system performance. • Different types of sensor have different specifications. • The outputs from all sensors which goes to RTU are 4 – 20 m. A. • This rating is used to sense any problem in system.

REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU) • Intelligent to control a process and multiple processes. • Data logging and alarm handling. • Expandable. • Asks the field devices for information. • Can control Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED). • Slave / Master device.

RTU - DIGITAL/ANALOG INPUTS • 32 x Digital Inputs – 9 -28 V DC Operation range – LED Indication (Disable Option) – Optically Isolated (1500 V peak) • 12 x Analog Inputs – 0 -5 V, 1 -5 V, 0 -10 V, 0 -20 m. A, 4 -20 m. A. (selectable per channel) – Surge Protection

RTU - DIGITAL/ANALOG OUTPUTS • 4 x Analog Outputs – Internal / External power supply source 0 -20 m. A, 4 -20 m. A. • (Voltage output with external resistor) – Short circuit protected.

RTU ALARMS SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEM Types of Alarms • Good Alarms • Critical Failure Alarms Actions • Override the normal control system. • Take over the actuators.

COMMUNICATION • Switched Telephone Networks • Leased Lines • Private Networks (LAN / RS-485) • Internet • Wireless Communication System – Wireless LAN – GSM Network – Radio Modems Communication Protocols • Fieldbus • Profibus • Ethernet • Direct. Net • TCP/IP • CAN • MODBUS

MTU – FRONT END PROCESSOR • Gathers all communication and converts them into SCADA friendly communication. • Communication interface between several RTU channels and the host Master Station computer.

MTU – SCADA SERVER • It can be a web server. • Data logging and analyzing. • Serve the clients (connected in the corporation or outside through internet). • Real-time decision maker. • Asks RTU for information.

MTU – HISTORICAL SERVER • Historical / Safety / Redundant server. • Logs the data from the SCADA server and stores it as backup, in case of disaster. • It is basically meant for safety.

MTU – HMI COMPUTER • • • Human Machine Interface Computer. Access on the SCADA server. Control the system. Operator interface. Software – User friendly – Programmable (C, C++)

Power SCADA NORWICH UNIVERISTY CENTER OF EXELLENCE IN DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM SECURITY power control SCADA SYSTEMS CLASSIFICATIONS (ILIA DORMISHEV, KRENAR KOMONI) 21

LEVELS OF SCADA Level IV – Enterprise • Corporate LAN/WAN. • World Wide Web. • Virtual Private Network. • Firewall for remote users.

LEVELS OF SCADA Level III – SCADA / MTU • Operator Workstations. • Control. • Engineering Workstations. • Servers – Data logging.

LEVELS OF SCADA Level II – Telecommunication • Fiber. • Radio. • Telephone leased line. • Protocols. Level I – Field • Devices. • RTUs / PLCs. • Sensors.

3 TYPES OF SCADA SYSTEMS • Basic SCADA – One machine process. – One RTU and MTU. – Eg. Room temperature control.

3 TYPES OF SCADA SYSTEMS • Integrated SCADA – Multiple RTUs. – DCS. – Eg. Water systems, Subway systems, Security systems.

3 TYPES OF SCADA SYSTEMS • Networked SCADA – Multiple SCADA. – Eg. Power systems, Communication systems.

SCADA MANUFACTURERS • SCADA system manufacturers – – – Modular SCADA, UK MOSCAD, Motorola Rockwell Automation ABCO ABB Lantronix • SCADA Hardware Manufacturers – – Rockwell Allen Bradley General Electric (GE) Emerson Schneider Electric • SCADA Software Manufacturers – – – Intellution (Fix 32) Iconics (Genesis 32 v 7. 0) Wonderware (In. Touch) Citech (Citech. SCADA 5. 42) National Instruments (Lookout SCADA)