SC 5 N 2 1 Benchmark Recognize and

SC. 5. N. 2. 1 Benchmark: Recognize and explain that science is grounded in empirical observations that are testable; explanation must always be linked with evidence. Essential Question: How can we use the practice of science to answer questions about the natural world? Vocabulary: hypothesis opinion experiment evidence observation testable

SCIENCE ANSWERS QUESTIONS ore m s bird lor? g n i umm one co h e r A ed to t c a r att Whic mak h type o es p lant f fertilize grow r talle r? Which material cleans up the most oil? What c absor olor car bs the most heat? t ra s o m he Which st a h h t mon in?

Science is Testable! Science is grounded in hypotheses that are testable Hypotheses are tested and verified by collecting evidence through experimentation and observation A hypothesis that is validated by evidence is considered to be correct A hypothesis that is NOT validated by evidence is considered to be incorrect

Some questions are NOT testable! If a question is NOT testable, it is NOT a scientific question If a question is NOT testable, no evidence can be collected through experimentation or observation Questions that are NOT testable are often opinion questions

Are these questions testable? Are hummingbirds more attracted to one color? YES! We could put different colored hummingbird feeders in a tree and count the number of hummingbirds that visit each feeder. NO! There is nothing to observe and no Is blue a prettier color than evidence to gather. The answer to this green? question is an opinion and changes from person to person. YES! We can place thermometers in metal cans What color car absorbs the that have been painted different colors and most heat? measure the temperature to see which color absorbs the most heat. NO! There is nothing to observe and no evidence to gather. The answer to this question is an opinion and changes from person to person. Does chocolate ice cream taste better than vanilla ice cream?

Summarizing Look at each question and decide if the question is TESTABLE or NOT TESTABLE. 1. Is morning better than night? 2. Will fertilizer affect the growth of a plant? Partner A tell B if question 1 is testable or not, explain why. Partner B tell A if question 2 is testable or not, explain why.

Testable or Not? YES!! Kate can test a soccer ball by Kate likes to and playusing soccer. She cooling it down a pendulum noticed thatmuch the ball to to hit the ball, like seemed a kick. She can measurewhen the distance that the go further she kicked it ball in travels each time thatwhen she repeats hot weather than she this with the cool ball. Then Kate can heat kicked it in cold weather. She the ball and repeat the experiment to would to do ancompares. experiment to see howlike the distance find out if a hot ballwill goes further Kate’s measurements provide than a cold ball. her Is this question evidence to answer question about which goes further, a hot ball or a cold testable? ball.

Testable or Not? NO! is NOT testable is a Juan. This thinks thata baseball question. There is no evidence much better sport than that could be gathered to show football. He wants to do a that one sport is better than scientific experiment to to another sport. The answer gather evidence that this question is an opinion. People likeisdifferent sports for baseball better than different Some people football. reasons. Is this question prefer baseball and other people testable? prefer football. This is not a scientific question.

Testable or Not? NO! This question is NOT William’s friend just got a testable. have opinions puppy, People William has a cat. about which pettothey prefer, William wants know which some prefer catspet, anda others makes a better cat or a dogs. Is this There question prefer is testable? no Can William evidence that perform can be an gathered experiment to find out whether which would answer this a cat or a dog makes a better question. This is NOT a pet? scientific question.

Testable or Not? YES! Antonioparents can make “model” Antonio’s promised slides using the same materials as to buy him a slide for the slides that his parents might buy. backyard. Slides the an He can time how long itattakes storetoare different object slidemade down of each slide and compare the times. The wants material with materials. Antonio the friction willmaterial have the fastest toleast know which slide andthe Antonio will ride. have the gives fastest Can answer to his question. This Antonio do an experiment question can be answered by to answer hisbecause question? experimentation it is Is this question testable? testable!

Summarizing 1. Is white glue stronger than a glue stick? 2. Do orange blossoms smell better than roses? 3. Does an electromagnet have more magnetic force if it has a larger core? 4. Does sugar preserve the life of a cut flower? 5. Does a round parachute slow free fall more than a rectangular parachute? 6. Is rock music better than country music? A. Work with our shoulder partner to divide these questions into two categories: questions that are TESTABLE because evidence can be gathered to answer them OR questions that are NOT TESTABLE because the answer would be an opinion. B. Compare your answers with your face partner: discuss any differences you have and try to reach consensus

Guided Instruction: Which question cannot be answered scientifically because the quantity cannot actually be measured? A. How much food does the water buffalo consume in one day? B. How happy is a chimpanzee with it’s food? C. How heavy is a mature female elephant? D. How fast can a tiger swallowtail butterfly fly?

The answer is B How happy is a chimpanzee with it’s food? There is no way to measure how happy a chimpanzee is with food!

Guided Instruction: Sarah made a hypothesis that flowers planted in the garden grow larger than those planted in pots. She planted sunflower seeds in a pot in a sunny area of her patio. She planted the same kind and number of seeds in her garden. Both sets of seeds sprouted. Sarah observed and measured the plants as they grew and bloomed. She analyzed her data. She concluded that the sunflower seeds planted in her garden grew much taller than the ones she planted in a pot. What did Sarah do to reach her conclusion? A She observed the plants. B She observed, compared, and measured the plants. C She planted seeds and watched them sprout. D She planted sunflower seeds.

The answer is B She observed, compared, and measured the plants. Scientific questions are answered by gathering information, such as observations or measurements, that is used to help validate explanations of natural phenomena

Guided Instruction Shelby wants to know what type of bird comes to the feeder outside her window most often. She observes the bird feeder for an hour at the same time each day. What else should she do to draw an accurate conclusion? A write down how long each bird stays at the feeder B put up two more bird feeders C count and record the number and type of birds she sees D measure the amount of seeds the birds eat

The answer is C Count and record the number and type of birds she sees Scientific questions are answered by gathering information, such as observations or measurements, that is used to help validate explanations of natural phenomena. Counting the types of birds will answer the question.

Guided Instruction Mr. Crawford’s class notices that the leaves are getting brown on the sea grape trees around their school. Which of the following could the class do to help solve this problem? A. Use the science processes of observation and recording data to learn more. B. Plant more sea grape trees around the school. C. Remove the sea grape trees from their school. D. Put fences around the trees to keep people and animals away.

The answer is A Use the science processes of observation and recording data to learn more.

Summarizing Essential Question: Tell your partner how we can use science to answer questions about the natural world.

Check Your Understanding 1. Flora and her family liked to collect fossils. They went to a quarry where people are allowed to look for fossils. At the end of the day, they gathered together all of the fossils they had found. They sorted and compared their fossils. All the fossils had shells in them. They concluded that the area around the quarry had once been under water. What did Flora’s family do to help them reach this conclusion? A. They compared the fossils from the quarry with fossils they had found at other sites. B. They cleaned and polished the fossils. C. They dug holes in the ground. D. They collected, sorted, and compared all the fossils they found in the quarry.

Check Your Understanding 2. Arnella sometimes leaves bread pieces on her bird feeder for the robins to eat. She is trying to determine which type of bread—rye, wheat, or white—robins like. She hypothesized that robins like wheat bread more than other types of bread. Arnella places equal amounts of each bread on the bird feeder. What information would help determine if her hypothesis is correct? A. when the robins come to eat B. how many robins come to eat C. which type of bread is gone first D. how long until all the bread is gone

Check Your Understanding 3. Julie had four bottles. She wanted to know which bottle could hold the most water. Julie found the mass of each bottle when it was empty. Then she found the mass of each bottle when it was full of water. She recorded the following results Bottle Mass of Empty Mass of Which bottle held the most water? Bottle Full Bottle A. 1 (grams) B. 2 1 100 800 C. 3 2 100 600 D. 4 3 500 900 4 700 900

Check Your Understanding 4. Philip observed that more fireflies appeared at his campsite than his sister’s campsite. She did not believe him. Which is the best way for Philip to prove to his sister that he is correct? A. Trap the fireflies at each campsite in a jar on one night. B. Observe and record how many fireflies are at each campsite every night for a week. C. Attract more fireflies to his campsite each night. D. Use an insect repellent at her campsite to keep the fireflies away.

Check Your Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. D. They collected, sorted, and compared all the fossils they found in the quarry. C. which type of bread is gone first A. 1 B. Observe and record how many fireflies are at each campsite every night for a week.

Summary Question Use words from the word bank to write to describe how we use the practice of science to answer questions about the natural world. n o i t a v r e s b o hypo thes is opinion testable t n e m i r e p ex evide nce