Sawmills l 29 CFR 1910 265 Objectives 1910
Sawmills l § 29 CFR 1910. 265
Objectives 1910. 265 To enable students to understand the following: l OSHA sawmill standard l Identifying hazards - Within building facilities - Log handling, sorting and storage facilities l Abating hazards
General Requirements 1910. 265(a) l Includes safety requirements for sawmill operations for: - Log and lumber handling » Sawing, trimming, and planing - Waste disposal - Operation of dry kilns - Finishing - Shipping - Storage - Yard and yard equipment - Power tools and affiliated equipment
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(1) l All buildings and isolated equipment shall be designed, constructed and maintained so as to support the imposed load in accordance with a safety factor.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(2) l Work areas under mills shall be as evenly surfaced as local conditions permit. l Shall be provided with lighting facilities in accordance with ANSI Lighting A 11. 1 -1965.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(3) l Flooring in buildings and on ramps and walkways shall be constructed and installed in accordance with established principles of mechanics and sound engineering practices.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(3)(ii) l Areas beneath flooring in buildings shall, where practical, be fenced off. l When this is not practical, they shall be plainly marked and telltales shall be installed to hang over these areas.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(3)(iii) l Flooring of buildings, docks, and passageways shall be kept in good repair.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(4)(i)-(ii) l Walkways, docks, and platforms shall be of sufficient width to provide adequate passage and working areas. l Walkways shall be evenly floored and kept in good repair.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(4)(iv) l Elevated walks, runways, or platforms - Four feet or more from the floor level » Must have a standard railing • Except on loading or unloading sides of platforms - If height exceeds six feet » Must have standard toe board
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(5)(ii) l Stairways shall be provided with a standard handrail on at least one side or on any open side. l Where stairs are more than four feet wide there shall be a standard handrail at each side.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment l All stairways shall be adequately lighted. l Exits shall be located and identified in a manner that affords ready exit from all work areas. 1910. 265(c)(5)(iii)–(6)
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(8) l All open vats and tanks into which workmen could fall shall be guarded.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(9)(i) l Illumination shall be provided and designed to supply adequate general and local lighting to rooms, buildings, and work areas during the time of use.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(9)(ii) l The effectiveness of the illumination will be judged: - Quantity of light - Quality of light » Free from glare » Has correct direction, diffusion, and distribution - Shadows and extreme contrasts
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(17)(i)–(ii) l Threshold limits - Employees shall not be exposed to airborne concentration of toxic dusts, fumes, vapors, mists or gases that exceed the threshold limit values set forth by 1910. 1000. l Protective equipment - Where necessary, employees shall be provided with and required to wear such protective equipment as will afford adequate protection against harmful exposure.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(18)(i) l Construction, operation, and maintenance of conveyors - Must be in accordance with American National Standard B 20. 1 -1957.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(18)(ii) l Spiked live rolls shall be guarded.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(20) l Blower collecting and exhaust systems - ANSI Z 33. 1 -1961 l Shall have collecting systems and exhaust or conveyor system - If create dust, shavings, chips, or slivers l Hand removal of refuse
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(21)(i) l Whole log chippers - The feed system to the chipper shall be arranged so the operator does not stand in direct line with the chipper spout (hopper). - The chipper spout shall be enclosed to a height of not less than 36 inches from the floor or the operator's platform. - A safety belt and lifeline shall be worn by workmen when working at or near the spout unless the spout is guarded.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(21)(ii) l Hogs - Hog mills shall be so designed and arranged that from no position on the rim of the chute shall the distance to the cutter knives be less than 40 inches.
![Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(21)(ii)[b] l Hog feed chutes - Shall be provided with](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/2a05ecdb2909ef650ad72d07e5a12146/image-23.jpg "Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(21)(ii)[b] l Hog feed chutes - Shall be provided with")
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(21)(ii)[b] l Hog feed chutes - Shall be provided with suitable and approved baffles. » Which shall minimize material from being thrown from the mill.
![Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(21)(ii)[c] l Employees feeding hog mills - Employees feeding hog](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/2a05ecdb2909ef650ad72d07e5a12146/image-24.jpg "Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(21)(ii)[c] l Employees feeding hog mills - Employees feeding hog")
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(21)(ii)[c] l Employees feeding hog mills - Employees feeding hog mills shall be provided with safety belts and lines unless guarded.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(23) l Open bins, bunkers, and hoppers whose upper edges extend less than 3 feet above working level shall be equipped with standard handrails and toe boards, or have their tops covered by a substantial grill or grating with openings small enough to prevent a man from falling through. l Fuel houses and bins shall have adequate exits and lighting, and all necessary safety devices shall be provided and shall be used by persons entering these structures.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(24) l Ropes, cables, slings, and chains shall be used in accordance with safe use practices recommended by the manufacturer.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(26) l Mechanical stackers and unstackers - Lumber lifting devices - Blocking hoisting platform - Identifying controls - Locking main control switches - Guarding side openings
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(26) l Mechanical stackers and unstackers - Guarding hoistway openings - Guarding lower landing area - Inspection - Cleaning pits - Preventing entry to hazardous area
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(27)(i) l Pile foundations - Units of lumber » Designed and arranged to support maximum loads without sinking, sagging, or permitting the piles to topple. - Unit package pile » Unit separators placed between each package directly over the stickers.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(27)(iii) l Unstable piles - Shall be immediately made safe. - Or the area into which they might fall shall be fenced or barricaded and employees prohibited from entering it.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(27)(v) l Sticker alignment - Uniformly spaced. - Be aligned one above the other. - May be lapped with a minimum overlapping of 12 inches. - Shall not protrude more than 2 inches beyond the sides of the package.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(30)(i) l Vehicles - Scope includes all mobile equipment normally used in: » Sawmill » Planing mill » Storage » Shipping » Yard operations
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment 1910. 265(c)(30)(iv) l All vehicles operated in areas where overhead hazards exist shall be equipped with an approved overhead guard.
Building Facilities/Isolated Equipment l Traffic control and flow - Hazardous crossings » Railroad tracks - Restricted side or overhead clearance - Pickup and unloading points » Shall be plainly marked » Wheel stops - Aisles, passageways and roadways » Sufficiently wide 1910. 265(c)(31)
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(d)(1)(i) l Unloading methods - Stakes and chocks » Tripping mechanism is activated on opposite side of load being tripped. - Binders on logs » Shall not be released prior to securing with unloading lines or other unloading device. Worker releases load binders from the side opposite the unloading side.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(d)(1)(ii) l Machines used for hoisting, unloading, or lowering logs shall be equipped with brakes capable of controlling or holding the maximum load in midair.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage l Movement of unloading equipment shall be coordinated by audible or hand signals when operator's vision is impaired or operating in the vicinity of other employees. 1910. 265(d)(1)(ii)
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(d)(1)(ii)(j) l Wood pike poles - Made of straight-grained, select material. - Do not use. » Defective, blunt, or dull pike poles. » Metal or conductive pike poles around exposed energized electrical conductors.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(d)(2)(i) l Log dumps, booms, ponds or storage areas - Illuminate at night. - Provide a safe working area. - Post signs to prevent unauthorized foot traffic.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(d)(2)(iii)(g) l Employees must have and wear appropriate buoyant devices who work from: - Boats - Floating logs - Boom sticks - Walkways along or on water
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(d)(2)(iv)(a) l Decks of pond boats must be covered with nonslip material.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(d)(2)(v) l Dry deck storage - Kept in order. - Safe operation of mobile equipment. - Store logs in safe and orderly manner. - Adequate width for traffic lanes. - Arrange logs to minimize accidental rolling from the deck. Unstable log pile creating an unsafe work area.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage l Log decks - Provide safe access to head rig. - Use stops, chains or other safeguards to prevent logs from rolling down the deck. - Erect barricades to stop any log between the sawyer’s stand the deck. 1910. 265(d)(3)
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(d)(3) l Log decks - Prevent loose chains from striking employees. - Equip swing saws with barricade and stops to protect employees. - Drag saws shall not project into aisles or walkways.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(d)(3)(vii) l Log decks - Locate and guard circular cutoff saws to allow safe entrance to and exit from the building.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(d)(3)(viii) l Log decks - Where the cutoff saw partially blocks the entrance from the log haul runway, the entrance shall be guarded.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(d)(4)(i) l Mechanical barkers - Rotary barking devices shall be so guarded as to protect employees from flying chips, bark, or other extraneous material.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(e)(1)(i) l Log carriages and carriage runways - A substantial stop or bunker with adequate shock absorptive qualities shall be installed at each end of the carriage runway.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(e)(1)(v) l Log carriages and carriage runways - Provide a barrier to prevent employees from entering the travel space of the carriage. - Post warning signs at possible entry points to this area.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(e)(1)(vii) - (viii) l Log carriages and carriage runways - Carriage track sweeping devices shall be used to keep track rails clear of debris. - Dogging devices shall be adequate to secure logs, cants, or boards, during sawing operations.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage l Band head saws - Obey manufacturer recommended operating speeds. - Thoroughly inspect » Cracks » Splits » Broken teeth - Alert and warn employees before starting. » All persons in the clear 1910. 265(e)(2)(i)(a)
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(e)(2)(ii)(c) l Band saw wheels - Band wheels need to be completely encased or guarded. » Except for a portion of the upper wheel immediately around the point where the blade leaves the wheel, to permit operator to observe movement of equipment.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage l Single circular head saws - Obey manufacturer recommended operating speeds. - Have safety guides. » Readily adjustable - Guard for upper saw. - Have a spreader wheel where live rolls are not used. 1910. 265(e)(2)(iii)
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage l Whole-log sash gang saws (Swedish gangs) - Adequately guarded. » Cranks » Pitman rods » Other moving parts - Enclose feed roles on top, front and open ends. - Carriage cradles of adequate height to prevent logs from kicking out. 1910. 265(e)(2)(v)
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(e)(3)(i) l Band resaws shall meet the specifications for band head saws as required by paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this section.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(e)(3)(ii) l Circular gang resaws - Banks shall be guarded by hood. - Provided with safety fingers or other antikickback devices. - Obey manufacturer recommended operating speeds.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(e)(4) l Trimmer saws - Obey manufacturer recommended peripheral operating speeds. - Guards » In front by adequate baffles and securely bolted to substantial frame. » End saws on trimmer. » Rear to full width of saw.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage l Edgers - Guards » Top and the openings in end and side frames. » Gears and chains shall be fully housed. » May be hinged to permit oiling and the removal of saws. » Equip all edgers with pressure feed rolls and guard them against accidental contact. 1910. 265(e)(5)(ii)
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage l Edgers - Antikickback devices » Edgers shall have antikickback devices. • Maybe possible to use a barricade. » Install a controlling device and locate it so that the operator can stop the feed mechanism without releasing the tension on the pressure rolls. 1910. 265(e)(5)(iii)
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage l Planers - Guard » All cutting heads. » Side head hoods shall be of sufficient height to safeguard the setscrew. » Pressure feed rolls and "pineapples“. » Levers or controls to reduce the possibility of accidental operation. 1910. 265(e)(6)(i)
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(f)(1) l Dry kilns shall be constructed upon solid foundations to prevent tracks from sagging.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(f)(2) l A passageway shall be provided to give adequate clearance on at least one side or in the center of end-piled kilns and on two sides of cross-piled kilns.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage l Doors - Main kiln » Must be open while kiln is being loaded. » Counterweights on vertical lift doors shall be boxed or otherwise guarded. » Main doors must be firmly secure when they are disengaging from carriers and hangers to prevent toppling. 1910. 265(f)(3)
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(f)(5) l All high‑pressure steam mains located in or adjacent to an operating pit shall be covered with heat‑insulating material.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(f)(6)–(7) l A fixed ladder, in accordance with the requirements of 1910. 27 or other adequate means shall be provided to permit access to the roof. l A means shall be provided for chocking or blocking cars.
Log Handling, Sorting and Storage 1910. 265(f)(8) l A warm room shall be provided for kiln employees to stay in during cold weather after leaving a hot kiln.
Summary In this course, we discussed: l OSHA sawmill standard l Identifying hazards - Within building facilities - Log handling, sorting and storage facilities l Abating hazards 1910. 265
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- Slides: 69
