Satellite Field Airborne PIMATERRASPEC Drill Core Hy Logger

Satellite Field Airborne PIMA/TERRASPEC Drill Core Hy. Logger Spectral Sensing Instruments – Remote Systems UWA 3 rd year

Types of Remote Spectral Sensing Systems • The trade off: spectral vs radiometric vs spatial resolution. • Profiling (e. g. Hylogger) vs imaging (Hy. Chips, Hy. Map) • Single element FTIR vs linear array vs area array • Whiskbroom (linear array, e. g. Hy. Map vs pushbroom (area array, e. g. ASTER) with higher signal/ratio UWA 3 rd year

Remote Sensing Systems – Spectral Resolution multispectral Spectral Coverage Laboratory ARGUS / AVIRIS hyper- HYMAP ASTER Landsat TM Choosing the right technology for your requirement!

Atmospheric Windows atmospheric transmittance: windows for remote sensing “Emitted Wavelengths” Atmospheric Transmission “Reflected Wavelengths” UWA 3 rd year

UWA 3 rd year

Airborne Hy. Map www. hyvista. com • • • Australian sensor Sydney-based NASA-approved high SNR 126 bands 0. 4 -2. 5 m 3 -30 m pixel 512 pixel swath whiskbroom fully calibrated Spectral Configuration – 128 channels Module Spectral range Bandwidth Average spectral across module sampling interval VIS 0. 45 – 0. 89 um 15 – 16 nm 15 nm NIR 0. 89 – 1. 35 um 15 – 16 nm 15 nm SWIR 1 1. 40 – 1. 80 um 15 – 16 nm 13 nm SWIR 2 1. 95 – 2. 48 um 18 – 20 nm 17 nm UWA 3 rd year

Airborne Hy. Map white mica composition false colour Hy. Map products delivered for the Qld Next Generation Mineral Mapping Project (excerpt) (http: //www. em. csiro. au/NGMM/): • • • • • • Natural colour basemap; False colour basemap; Green vegetation content; Dry vegetation content; Iron oxide content; Hematite/Goethite ratio; Ferrous iron content; Kaolin crystallinity; Al-smectite content; Al-smectite composition; White mica (par-ms-phengite) content; White mica composition; White mica crystallinity; Mg. OH (cc/dol/chl/ep/amph) content; Mg. OH (cc/dol/chl/ep/amph) composition; Ferric iron and Mg. OH; Ferrous iron and Mg. OH; Chlorite-Epidote content; Opaques; Hydrated silica Block H 5 km 2190 nm Al-rich 2215 rd year Al-poor UWA 3 nm

C 3 DMM Kalgoorlie Terrain 3 D model Geoscience Australia’s Ferrous iron in pmd*CRC GOCAD model Mg. OH Goldfields minerals Eastern talc tremolite actinolite UWA 3 rd year

SEBASS TIR • • Airborne pushbroom Liquid He cooled Area array 124 bands by 128 pixels 7. 6 and 13. 5 mm 50 nm FWHM S: N >1000: 1 3. 5 m pixels (300 m swath) UWA 3 rd year

ARGUS “geophysics integrated spectrometry” • VISNIR: 370 - 1050 nm @ > 5 nm res. => 136 ch : VINI. . PS • SWIR: 900 - 2500 nm @ > 10 nm res => 145 ch. : SWI. . PS • TIR: 8 - 13 mm @ 30 -60 nm res. => 120 ch. Mineral Mapping : TI. . PS Magnetics Gamma Ray Spectroscopy UWA 3 rd year

HYPERION • NASA Technology Demonstrator • Spaceborne hyperspectral VNIR-SWIR pushbroom imager, launched 2000 • Area array • 242 spectral bands by 256 pixels • 400 -2500 nm • SWIR SNR <40: 1 • Data available from USGS UWA 3 rd year

ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflective Radiometer) • “Next generation” geology-tuned satellite sensor: • 14 spectral bands including 6 SWIR and 5 TIR geological bands (+ DEM) • 15 m VNIR • 30 m SWIR • 90 m TIR • Pushbroom for VNIR and SWIR • Whiskbroom for TIR • Significant Instrument/Data Issues • atmospheric correction, SWIR X-talk, TES www. asterweb. jpl. nasa. gov www. science. aster. ersdac. or. jp UWA 3 rd year

ASTER Geological Products from Band Combinations • 3/2 : green vegetation • 2/1, 4/3 : iron oxide abundance • 7/4, 5/4 : ferric/ferrous iron (in silicate/carbonate) ratio • (5+7)/6 : Al-OH abundance • (6+9)/(7+8) : Mg-OH + carbonate abundance • 7/5, 7/6, 6/5 (RGB) or KWIK Residuals of 5, 6, 7 or 7/5 with mask of (5+7)/6 : Al-OH type (Group 1: alunite, pyrophyllite, kaolinite, dickite); Group 2: muscovite; Group 3: phengite) • 11/(10+12), 11/10, 13/12 and 13/10 : Si. O 2 abundance • 13/14 : carbonate abundance • 12/13 : “basic” minerals (garnet, CPX, epidote, chlorite) Use close spaced TIR bands to minimise T effect UWA 3 rd year

C-Sat. MAP ASTER processing : Mt Isa CSIRO’s C-Sat. Map software • ASTER L 1 B imagery (crosstalk corrected) • 130 scenes • >1 terrabyte of data • cross-calibrated • reduced to reflectance • 12 geoscience products • 1 weeks processing • calibrated to Hy. Map reflectance 100 km ASTER False colour 321 Airborne & Satellite multispectral data coverage UWA 3 rd year

C-Sat. MAP ASTER processing : Mt Isa Processed calibrated data raw data geological product CSIRO’s C-Sat. Map software ASTER Al. OH content : (B 5 + B 7) / B 6 Linear histogram stretch : 2. 06 (blue-low) to 2. 4 (red-high) 100 km Al-clay content UWA 3 rd year

C-Sat. MAP ASTER processing : Mt Isa CSIRO’s C-Sat. Map software ASTER CSIRO Regolith product : R : B 3/B 2 G: B 3/B 7 B: B 5/B 7 Interpretation: Red : iron oxides Green : non mafic rocks Blue : clays UWA 3 rd year

C-Sat. MAP ASTER processing : Mt Isa CSIRO’s C-Sat. Map software ASTER Ferrous iron content within Mg. OH-carbonate : e. g. B 5 / B 4 - Ferrous iron content masked by areas interpreted as higher content of Mg. OH-carbonate (B 6+B 9) / (B 7+B 8) UWA 3 rd year

C-Sat. MAP ASTER processing : Mt Isa UWA 3 rd year

Mount Isa Inlier Image spatial resolution 500 mgrid 50 km cell 5 m km grid cell 500 grid cell size ASTER 30 m pixel Hy. Map 50 m grid cell pixel 5 m 4. 5 m grid cell 50500 mkm grid cell size UWA 3 rd year

Spectral Resolution – Relative mineral information content Published geology ASTER content ASTERAl. OH false colour Mount Isa Inlier mica Hy. Map smectite abundance Hy. Map false content colour Hy. Map kaolin Burstall granite granodiorite Al-rich 2215 nm composition content 5%* 2185 nm Wonga “biotite” granite ? 25%* Al-poor. UWA 3 rd year

WA ASTER Map high low 200 km UWA 3 rd year

Future Satellite systems MSMISat, South Africa (2010) 200 bands, 400 -2400 nm, 14 m pixel, 15 km swath En. Map, Germany (2012) ~200 bands, 420 -2450 nm, 30 m pixel, 30 km swath Hyper, Japan (2013) 220 bands, 400 -2500 nm, 30 m pixel, 60 km swath Hysp. IRI, USA (2016) 210 bands, 400 -2500 nm , 60 m pixel, 90 km swath www. isiswg. org UWA 3 rd year

Integrated analysis for mapping & exploration UWA 3 rd year

Software • ENVI (Environment for Visualising Images) (www. ittvis. com) • Hyperspectral images • Field spectra • Neil Pendock Suite • ASTER and hyperspectral images • CSIRO/Hy. Vista Suite • ASTER and hyperspectral multi-scene processing • C-Hyper. MAP • C-Sat. MAP • IDL based • ERMapper (www. ermapper. com) • ASTER wizard UWA 3 rd year

Spectral In-House Training @ CET, UWA, Crawley 01. 03. 2010 – GP 2, second floor, Rm 111, 3 year Geology Lab rd 9: 00 & Theory al Proxim s System Mineral Spectroscopy Theory : Wavelength coverage, EMR-matter interaction, vibrational spectroscopy; VNIR-SWIR-TIR mineralogy and mineral groups; mineral disorder/abundance/chemistry; spectral libraries Spectral Sensing Instruments – Proximal Systems : Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of field/lab systems; Hylogging 10: 30 – 11: xx Lots of questions and Coffee 11: xx A, TSG ASD, PIM ASD &/or PIMA @ Lab and/or outside: The Spectral Geologist (TSG) Software introduction : Applications, Interpretation of afore scanned data 12: 30 – 13: 30 Lunch ystems 13: 30 Remote S on to Applicati ystems Mineral S Spectral Sensing Instruments – Remote Systems : Spectral/radiometric/spatial resolution of remote systems; satellite vs airborne; imaging vs line profiling; multispectral vs hyperspectral; VNIR vs SWIR vs TIR Alteration and Regolith Spectral-Mineral Models : Critical for successful use of spectral technology; Regolith mapping and Au (and Ni sulphide) exploration in the Kalgoorlie area; Mapping of ultramafic rocks; Alteration mapping using hyperspectral techniques. 15: 00 – 15: xx Lots of questions & Afternoon Tea UWA 3 rd year