Sanitation ventilated lobby area of opening to be

Sanitation ventilated lobby area of opening to be at least 1/20 th of the total floor area habitable room, office or working area bedroom, providing another WC is available in the building 0. 7 m activity space average activity space 1 m height 0. 8 m 0. 7 m Wash hand basin Approximate activity space required 0. 6 m WC pans activity space 1. 7 m 2. 3 m activity space 0. 6 m Baths From Plumbing (3 rd edition), R. D. Treloar, page 299 Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, all rights reserved: www. blackwellpublishing. com 0. 7 m Sanitary accommodation 0. 7 m 1. 0 m

Sanitation cleaner’s sink crockery sink (RH drainer) ‘Belfast’ butler sink 300 mm pedestal bidet Waste appliances shower tray Sanitary appliances 1 From Plumbing (3 rd edition), R. D. Treloar, page 301 Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, all rights reserved: www. blackwellpublishing. com bath washbasin

Sanitation flush pipe bib cocks washdown WC pan close coupled double trap siphonic WC pan hinged grate sparge pipe slop hopper single trap siphonic WC pan Soil appliances slab urinal flush pipe spreaders bowl urinal trough urinal stall urinal From Plumbing (3 rd edition), R. D. Treloar, page 303 Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, all rights reserved: www. blackwellpublishing. com Sanitary appliances 2

Sanitation overflow ball float service valve Inlet supply stainless steel spring Plunger type flushing cistern Flushing siphon Diaphragm plunger washer piston being lifted by water pressure and in so doing also lifting the outlet valve flush pipe Flushing valve 3 -port flexible inlet connection valve open and water filling the cistern valve open float operated valve spring outlet valve flushing valve water discharging into the WC pan Operation of valve type flushing cistern From Plumbing (3 rd edition), R. D. Treloar, page 305 Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, all rights reserved: www. blackwellpublishing. com arm holds valve in up position

Sanitation lever handle flushing cistern air gets in here to break siphonic action unless the lever arm is held down sealing off the hole Dual flush syphon diaphragm plunger washer flush pipe Automatic flushing siphon Dual flush siphon Photo shows hole through which air can enter to break the siphonic action where a reduced flush is required drip feed supply upper well siphon tube automatic water flow cut-off device Automatic water flow cut-off control ‘U’ tube lower well flush pipe From Plumbing (3 rd edition), R. D. Treloar, page 307 Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, all rights reserved: www. blackwellpublishing. com Flushing cistern

Sanitation unslotted waste fitting for use with appliances having no integral overflow (e. g. urinal) integral overflow combination waste and overflow fitting Plumbers Mait or similar flexible jointing material Slotted waste fitting washer direction of flow backnut Running trap ‘S’ trap ‘P’ trap depth of seal Selection of traps and valve to prevent gases and smells entering the property synthetic seal (opens as water flows through valve) Waste pipe valve dip tube Waste pipe connections From Plumbing (3 rd edition), R. D. Treloar, page 309 Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, all rights reserved: www. blackwellpublishing. com dip partition Bottle traps

Sanitation main ventilating stack Branch ventilating stack basin WC bath Rodding access stack size distance ‘X’ Fitting 75 mm 100 mm Branch discharge stack 150 mm sink Ventilated discharge branch system arrangement for branch connection 110 mm to overcome crossflow problems 90 mm 250 mm main discharge stack house drain ‘X’ Secondary ventilated stack system small branch connection WC connection Primary ventilated stack system Branch connections to avoid crossflow Sanitary pipework From Plumbing (3 rd edition), R. D. Treloar, page 311 Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, all rights reserved: www. blackwellpublishing. com 450 mm min lowest connection 200 mm Do not connect within the shaded area

Sanitation basin 32 mm dia bidet 32 mm dia shower 40 mm dia bath 40 mm dia WC 75– 100 mm dia 450 mm min WCs, max 8 fitted modified system required where design criteria Typical exceeded 50 mm parallel junction to avoid crossflow sink 40 mm dia washing machine and dish washer 40 mm dia long radius bend primary ventilated stack system 50 mm dia wash basins maximum 4 fitted without additional branch ventilating pipe Range of appliances (only to be used where discharge stack is large enough to limit pressure fluctuations) Primary ventilated stack system From Plumbing (3 rd edition), R. D. Treloar, page 313 Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, all rights reserved: www. blackwellpublishing. com

Sanitation domical cage insulation 0. 9 m window opening rubber washer negative pressure valve open Air admittance valve closed suitable locations for an air admittance valve within 3. 0 m 5– 10 dwellings conventional vent at head of drainage run air admittance valves Termination of an open ventilating pipe so as not to cause a nuisance house drain private sewer public sewer WC rodding access sink conventional venting at mid point and head of drainage run where more than 10 dwellings Air admittance conventional open vent pipe waste pipe connections WC 2 m max 1. 5 m valve invert level max air admittance valves Ventilation of sanitary pipework From Plumbing (3 rd edition), R. D. Treloar, page 315 Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, all rights reserved: www. blackwellpublishing. com 100 mm discharge stack Stub stack 6. 0 m maximum to ventilated drain

Sanitation discharging water Air compressed wind roof slope negative pressure air being sucked from pipe atmospheric pressure hydraulic jump negative pressure Compression (back pressure) hydraulic jump plug of water Wavering out Induced siphonage valve lifts should there be a negative pressure within the pipe normal trap seal trap being siphoned remaining trap seal Resealing traps Trap seal loss From Plumbing (3 rd edition), R. D. Treloar, page 317 Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, all rights reserved: www. blackwellpublishing. com Resealing trap

Sanitation sink plug waste pipe grinding blades reset button electrical supply via unswitched connection tubular trap discharge stack 19 mm i. d. discharge pipe unswitched electrical connection additional WC WC macerator WC suite pipe laid to gradient (6 mm/min) conventional WC suit WC macerator drain-off cock fitted at base of vertical rise 19 mm discharge pipe pulled bends should be used and not elbows appropriate soil stack boss basement installation WC macerator unit From Plumbing (3 rd edition), R. D. Treloar, page 319 300 mm max Mechanical disposal units Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, all rights reserved: www. blackwellpublishing. com any vertical rise must precede a horizontal run

Sanitation water covering test plugs to maintain good seal manometer 38 mm water head pressure drain plug cock hand pump traps filled with water testing bag access cover hand pump stick painted matt black Inspecting the depth of trap seal during a performance test Testing of sanitary pipework From Plumbing (3 rd edition), R. D. Treloar, page 323 Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, all rights reserved: www. blackwellpublishing. com

Sanitation sani-snake overflow blocked with rag etc. , to maintain good air seal force cup plunger manually operated Snakentainer plunging sink to remove a blockage gully grab open closed electrically operated 150 mm Snakentainer rubber plunging a WC pan drain rods blockage From Plumbing (3 rd edition), R. D. Treloar, page 325 Maintenance and periodic inspection Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, all rights reserved: www. blackwellpublishing. com silt from gully trap