San Andres Formation Outcrop to Subsurface Stratigraphic Framework
San Andres Formation: Outcrop to Subsurface Stratigraphic Framework Charlie Kerans Department of Geological Sciences John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences The University of Texas at Austin C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Acknowledgements • Jerry Lucia, mentor • Colleagues on San Andres – Tinker, Ruppel, Gardner, Fitchen, Nance • WTGS/PBS-SEPM/Midland Geological Community Al Smith, Bob Ward, Bob Trentham, Emily Stoudt, University Lands Group C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Outline • Develop Outcrop Model • Discuss Current San Andres Plays • Propose more stratigraphically based play model for San Andres Fields using outcrop model • Illustrate examples from Vacuum, Slaughter, Wasson, Seminole, Hobbs, and Midland Farms fields • Propose representative heterogeneity styles for San Andres stratigraphically-based plays C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Outcrop to Subsurface – Google It! Northwest Shelf Delaware Basin Capitan G 28 Margin San Andres G 9 Margin LCC C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Outcrop Model C Rio Hondo Rio Penasco Algerita Escarpment f o ke f. M ts C , L o Br rp a c rn e e st W Anhydrite and anhydritic dolostone Restricted marine peloidal wk-pk and peritidal High-energy ramp-crest grainstones Outer ramp fusulinid-dominated facies Open marine limestones and dolostones, L 7 -8 Deeper-water mudstones (Cutoff) C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX Es .
Permian Basin Plays, Dutton et al (2005) C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Stratigraphic Terminology Modified after Kerans, 2000, Trentram and Smith, 2002 C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Hierarchy of Composite/High-Frequency Sequences for Late Leonardian. Guadalupian C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Classification of San Andres Reservoirs on basis of Stratigraphic Setting 1 1 2 3 4 2 3 5 1 b 4 1. L 7 -8 -G 1 -2 interc. dolo-evap 2. 1 b. L 7 -L 8, G 1? Open shelf and buildups 3. 2. Cyclic G 1 -4 4. 3. Stacked G 8 -9 and Gbg G 10 5. 4. Karst-modified, anhydrite-free G 8 -9 5. Oolitic Grayburg lowstand G 10 C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
San Andres Reservoir Settings Wasson, Seminole, Goldsmith Slaughter Levelland 1 Brahaney Vacuum, Gbg-Jk Maljamaar 2 Anhydrite and anhydritic dolostone Restricted marine peloidal wk-pk and peritidal High-energy ramp-crest grainstones Outer ramp fusulinid-dominated facies Open marine limestones and dolostones, L 7 -8 Deeper-water mudstones (Cutoff) C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX 3 Yates, Hobbs 4 1 b Howard. Glasscock, Holt, SA Deep Mabee, 5 Mid. Fms
San Andres Play Types Field Type TSS, early HSS 1 1 b 2 3 Platform Interior CS 9 TSS, early HSS outer shelf and buildups Mid-platform CS 9 Stacked CS 10, CS 11 Strat Setting L 7 -L 8, G 1 -G 3 Structural Control Pure strat trap (TSS-e. HSS) Scale of Key Heterogeneities Examples HFS-scale Slaughter, interc of TST Levelland, carbs and HST? Chavaroo Evaps. L 7, L 8 Structural drape and buildup topography Dolo-ls and HFC stacking plus local buildup topography Howard. Glasscoc k, Iatan, Holt, SA Deep G 2 -4, CS 9 HSS Comb. differental compact. , drape of deep struct. HFC-scale heterogeneities Wasson, Seminole, Goldsmith G 8 -9, CS 10 TSS-HSS and CS 11 TSS Comb. Drape over CS 8 (Glorieta) and CS 9 margin (LSA) margins Amalgamated grain-rich HFC with sulfatecemented karst overprint C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
San Andres Play Types by Stratigraphic Setting Field Type 4 Stacked CS 10 HFS and Karst overprint 5 CS 11 Lowstand (Grayburg) Strat. Setting CS 10 TSSHSS (G 8 -9) CS 11 (G 11) Structural Control Drape over major deep structures, Proximity to Capitan aquifer and sulfate removal! Structural drape and strat. trap C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX Scale of Key Heterogeneities Examples Karst porosity plus open, high -flow matrix zones from sulfate leaching Yates, Hobbs HFC layering plus unique oomoldic zones Maybee, Midland Fms.
Classification of San Andres Reservoirs on basis of Stratigraphic Setting 1 1 2 3 4 2 3 5 1 b 4 1. L 7 -8 -G 1 -2 interc. dolo-evap 2. 1 b. L 7 -L 8, G 1? Open shelf and buildups 3. 2. Cyclic G 1 -4 4. 3. Stacked G 8 -9 and Gbg G 10 5. 4. Karst-modified, anhydrite-free G 8 -9 5. Oolitic Grayburg lowstand C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Location of Profiles Slaughter Vacuum Wasson Seminole Hobbs Cowden-M. F. outcrop C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
West to East Margin/Progradation Patterns – Ancestral Rockies Pattern? C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Permian Basin Setting within Ancestral Rocky Mt. SW-NE Compression Ye et al. (19960 C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Wolfcamp-Leonardian-Guadalupian Outcrop Model and Position of Shelf Margins L 7, 8 G 4 G 9 L 3 L 6 L 1 C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Leonardian-Guadalupian Margins, Outcrop Profile – Western Escarpment C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Leonardian-Guadalupian Margins, Outcrop Profile – Cutoff Ridge Top G 9 Top G 8 C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Location of Profiles – Slaughter Type 1 Slaughter Vacuum Wasson Seminole Hobbs Cowden-M. F. outcrop C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
San Andres Reservoir Settings 1 Slaughter Levelland Brahaney Wasson, Seminole, Goldsmith Vacuum, Gbg-Jk Maljamaar 2 3 Anhydrite and anhydritic dolostone Restricted marine peloidal wk-pk and peritidal High-energy ramp-crest grainstones Outer ramp fusulinid-dominated facies Open marine limestones and dolostones, L 7 -8 Deeper-water mudstones (Cutoff) C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX Yates, Hobbs 4 1 b Howard. Glasscock, Holt, SA Deep Mabee, 5 Mid. Fms
erans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, -8/06, Austin, TX Dip Log Line near Vacuum
Vacuum Dip Seismic Profile showing Stacked CS 8 and CS 9 margins Pranter et al. (2004) C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Facies/Cycle Stacking CS 9 Upper San Andres Composite Seq. G 9 HFS, CS 10 HSS G 8 HFS, CS 10 TSS C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Location of Profiles – Slaughter Type 1 Slaughter Vacuum Wasson Seminole Hobbs Cowden-M. F. outcrop C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Reservoir Style and Stratigraphic Setting – Note Difference in Shelf Margins 1 2 3 4 2 3 C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX 5 1 b
San Andres Reservoir Settings Wasson, Seminole, Goldsmith Slaughter Levelland 1 Brahaney Vacuum, Gbg-Jk Maljamaar 2 Anhydrite and anhydritic dolostone Restricted marine peloidal wk-pk and peritidal High-energy ramp-crest grainstones Outer ramp fusulinid-dominated facies Open marine limestones and dolostones, L 7 -8 Deeper-water mudstones (Cutoff) C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX 3 Yates, Hobbs 4 1 b Howard. Glasscock, Holt, SA Deep Mabee, 5 Mid. Fms
Slaughter-Levelland Trend L 7, L 8, G 1, G 2? C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Slaughter-Levelland Trend L 7, L 8, G 1, G 2? G 9 G 4, G 8 G 3 G 2 G 1 L 8 C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Location of Profiles – Wasson/Seminole - Type 2 Slaughter Vacuum Wasson Seminole Hobbs Cowden-M. F. outcrop C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Reservoir Style and Stratigraphic Setting 1 2 3 C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
San Andres Reservoir Settings Wasson, Seminole, Goldsmith Slaughter Levelland 1 Brahaney Vacuum, Gbg-Jk Maljamaar 2 Anhydrite and anhydritic dolostone Restricted marine peloidal wk-pk and peritidal High-energy ramp-crest grainstones Outer ramp fusulinid-dominated facies Open marine limestones and dolostones, L 7 -8 Deeper-water mudstones (Cutoff) C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX 3 Yates, Hobbs 4 1 b Howard. Glasscock, Holt, SA Deep Mabee, 5 Mid. Fms
Wasson San Andres Setting WNW ESE Wasson C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Wasson Original Layering C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Wasson Porosity Zones C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Location of Profiles – Wasson/Seminole - Type 2 Slaughter Vacuum Wasson Seminole Hobbs Cowden-M. F. outcrop C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
SSAU Core Example HFC Structure C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
San Andres Fields, Permian Basin Paleogeography of Ward et al (1986) Modified from Ward et al (1985) by Scholle 2005 C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Location of Profiles – Wasson/Seminole - Type 2 Slaughter Vacuum Wasson Seminole Hobbs Cowden-M. F. outcrop C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
San Andres Reservoir Settings 1 Slaughter Levelland Brahaney Wasson, Seminole, Goldsmith Vacuum, Gbg-Jk Maljamaar 2 3 Anhydrite and anhydritic dolostone Restricted marine peloidal wk-pk and peritidal High-energy ramp-crest grainstones Outer ramp fusulinid-dominated facies Open marine limestones and dolostones, L 7 -8 Deeper-water mudstones (Cutoff) C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX Yates, Hobbs 4 1 b Howard. Glasscock, Holt, SA Deep Mabee, 5 Mid. Fms
3 D Seismic Volume - Hobbs • Hobbs paleostructure influences • San Andres margin position • Paleostructure assumed responsible for • Enhanced top-SA karst NW SE C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
San Andres-Grayburg Contact Cutoff Ridge, Guadalupe Mountains Upper Gbg Lower Gbg U. San Andres G 9 Top G 8 C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
San Andres-Grayburg Contact Cutoff Ridge, Guadalupe Mountains NHU 29 -132 Upper Gbg Lower Gbg U. San Andres G 9 Top G 8 C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
NW-SE Line Thru 24 -424 C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
NS Line showing LSA and USA Architecture C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Hobbs Field, CS 9 TSS (G 8 HFS) 3 Ea 3 H? 3 F 3 G C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Hobbs Field CS 9 HSS (G 9 HFS) 1 A 1 B 2 C 2 D 3 E C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Upper San Andres Karst Development – Top G 8 and G 9 C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Confined vs. Diffuse Karst Model Confined Karst Model Diffuse Karst Model C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX Modified from Meyers (1988)
Cave-Fill Breccia and Siltstone 33 -232 C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Hydrology of Diffuse Flow Karst Hobbs Upper San Andres Guad 9_2 HFS C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Anhydrite Dissolution Possibly Late, Post-burial C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
San Andres Play Types by Stratigraphic Setting Field Type 4 Stacked CS 10 HFS and Karst overprint 5 CS 11 Lowstand (Grayburg) Strat. Setting CS 10 TSSHSS (G 8 -9) CS 11 (G 11) Structural Control Drape over major deep structures, Proximity to Capitan aquifer and sulfate removal! Structural drape and strat. trap C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX Scale of Key Heterogeneities Examples Karst porosity plus open, high -flow matrix zones from sulfate leaching Yates, Hobbs HFC layering plus unique oomoldic zones Maybee, Midland Fms.
San Andres Reservoir Settings Wasson, Seminole, Goldsmith Slaughter Levelland 1 Brahaney Vacuum, Gbg-Jk Maljamaar 2 Anhydrite and anhydritic dolostone Restricted marine peloidal wk-pk and peritidal High-energy ramp-crest grainstones Outer ramp fusulinid-dominated facies Open marine limestones and dolostones, L 7 -8 Deeper-water mudstones (Cutoff) C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX 3 Yates, Hobbs 4 1 b Howard. Glasscock, Holt, SA Deep Mabee, 5 Mid. Fms
Location of Profiles – Wasson/Seminole - Type 2 Slaughter Vacuum Wasson Seminole Hobbs Cowden-M. F. outcrop C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Lowstand Setting of Midland Fms. , Mabee Fields, CS 11 LSS CS 10 CS 9 CS 11 LSS G 10 HFS Mid. Fms CS 5 -8 L 1 -6 Cherry Cnyn? Brushy Cnyn? C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Stratigraphic Terminology Modified after Kerans, 2000, Trentram and Smith, 2002 C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
Outcrop to Subsurface – Google It! Northwest Shelf Delaware Basin Capitan G 28 Margin San Andres G 9 Margin LCC C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
San Andres Reservoir Settings Wasson, Seminole, Goldsmith Slaughter Levelland 1 Brahaney Vacuum, Gbg-Jk Maljamaar 2 Anhydrite and anhydritic dolostone Restricted marine peloidal wk-pk and peritidal High-energy ramp-crest grainstones Outer ramp fusulinid-dominated facies Open marine limestones and dolostones, L 7 -8 Deeper-water mudstones (Cutoff) C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX 3 Yates, Hobbs 4 1 b Howard. Glasscock, Holt, SA Deep Mabee, 5 Mid. Fms
San Andres Play Types Field Type TSS, early HSS 1 1 b 2 3 Platform Interior CS 9 TSS, early HSS outer shelf and buildups Mid-platform CS 9 Stacked CS 10, CS 11 Strat Setting L 7 -L 8, G 1 -G 3 Structural Control Pure strat trap (TSS-e. HSS) Scale of Key Heterogeneities Examples HFS-scale Slaughter, interc of TST Levelland, carbs and HST? Chavaroo Evaps. L 7, L 8 Structural drape and buildup topography Dolo-ls and HFC stacking plus local buildup topography Howard. Glasscoc k, Iatan, Holt, SA Deep G 2 -4, CS 9 HSS Comb. differental compact. , drape of deep struct. HFC-scale heterogeneities Wasson, Seminole, Goldsmith G 8 -9, CS 10 TSS-HSS and CS 11 TSS Comb. Drape over CS 8 (Glorieta) and CS 9 margin (LSA) margins Amalgamated grain-rich HFC with sulfatecemented karst overprint C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
San Andres Play Types by Stratigraphic Setting Field Type 4 Stacked CS 10 HFS and Karst overprint 5 CS 11 Lowstand (Grayburg) Strat. Setting CS 10 TSSHSS (G 8 -9) CS 11 (G 11) Structural Control Drape over major deep structures, Proximity to Capitan aquifer and sulfate removal! Structural drape and strat. trap C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX Scale of Key Heterogeneities Examples Karst porosity plus open, high -flow matrix zones from sulfate leaching Yates, Hobbs HFC layering plus unique oomoldic zones Maybee, Midland Fms.
Conclusions • Outcrop model proposed emphasizing stratigraphic diachroneity • 5 main stratigraphic settings of San Andres Fields • Using insights from outcrop, field studies, and seismic, possible to classify most of existing San Andres fields into these 5 styles • Need a better set of San Andres maps for plotting San Andres plays, not a Leonardian margin map C. Kerans, Bureau of Economic Geology, PBGSP Annual Meeting, 2/27 -8/06, Austin, TX
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