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Samples • Sample is derivative of example and sample is generally apart of something that can be taken to represent the whole

Type of specimen in the microbiology lab 1. Open sample 2. Close sample

Open sample • 1. open sample : it is the sample collected for area contain normal flora Example • Stool : collected for diarrhea and abdominal disease • Sputum: for lower respiratory tract infection • Throat swab : for throat infection • Skin swab: for skin infection • Wound exudates : for wound infection

2. Close sample it sample collected from area the note contain normal flora Example § Urine : collected for urinary tract infection § Synovial fluids : for joint infection § Ascetic fluid: liver infection § Cerebrospinal fluid: for meningitis infection § Blood: for fever of non origin or heart infection § Pleural fluid : for pleural infection

Specimen collection: Collection according to: 1. differential diagnoses 2. test(s) to be conducted

Types of sample in histopathology and cytology lab 1 -Tissue sample (used to diagnosis diseases like cancer) 2 -Body fluids (blood-urine-CSF) use to diagnosis diseases by cytology

Types of sample in hematology lab Blood sample collected to diagnose blood disorder (Anemia-leukemia)

Types of sample clinical chemistry lab • Blood and body fluid (Urine-CSF) for measure electrolyte and glucose …. etc.

Types of sample parasitology lab • Blood –stool-urine for detection parasite

Labeling specimens 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Patient’s name Clinical specimen Unique ID number (Research/Outbreak) Specimen type Date, time and place of collection Name of collector

Criteria for rejecting samples 1. Mismatch of information on the label and the request 2. Inappropriate transport temperature 3. Excessive delay in transportation 4. Inappropriate transport medium 5. Insufficient quantity 6. Leakage