Salamander reproduction Internal spermatophore or external fertilization Most
- Slides: 31
Salamander reproduction • Internal (spermatophore) or external fertilization • Most oviparous • Most breed, lay eggs in water • Most have larval stage (tadpole) • Few have parental care • Complex courtship, pheromones spermatophore
Courtship in Ambystoma talpoideum
Salamander diversity
Variable characters within Caudata • External/internal fertilization (w spermatophore) • Costal grooves • Ribs unicapitate/bicapitate • Paedomorphic characters – Gills – Absence of eyelids – Tailfin, webbed feet • Chromosome number, amount of DNA
Sirenidae • two genera, 4 species • SE USA • elongate, paedomorphic external gills, lack eyelids • nonpedicellate teeth • lack pelvic girdle, hindimbs • aquatic • external fertilization
Sirenidae • two genera, 4 species • SE USA • elongate, paedomorphic external gills, lack eyelids • nonpedicellate teeth • lack pelvic girdle, hindimbs • aquatic • external fertilization
Cryptobranchidae • Andrias (2 sp: China, Japan), Cryptobranchus alleganiensis (E USA) • paedomorphic lidless eyes, (internal) gills, absence of tongue pad • aquatic • largest amphibians (1. 8 m) • external fertilization
Amphiumidae • • • one genus, 3 species SE USA elongate, paedomorphic: lack eyelids, tongue; have (internal) gills pedicellate teeth retain both pairs of limbs (and girdles), but small limbs aquatic up to 1. 1 m long internal fertilization female parental care Two-toed amphiuma Amphiuma means
Ambystomatidae • One genus, 32 species • North America • some paedomorphic • hybrids, unisexual forms • most terrestrial as adults, some aquatic
Dicamptodontidae • • • one genus, four species NW USA large, up to 17 cm SVL eats terrestrial vertebrates facultative metamorphosis
Proteidae • two genera, six species • Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Eastern USA • aquatic • paedomorphic, external gills, tail fin
Plethodontidae • • • 27 genera, 433 species Americas, Italy, S Korea nasolabial groove lack lungs diverse – Fossorial, terrestrial, aquatic, arboreal – Webbed feet, ballistic tongue, prehensile tail • well-studied for speciation
Plethodontidae • • • 27 genera, 433 species Americas, Italy, S Korea nasolabial groove lack lungs diverse – Fossorial, terrestrial, aquatic, arboreal – Webbed feet, ballistic tongue, prehensile tail • well-studied for speciation
Plethodontidae • • • 27 genera, 433 species Americas, Italy, S Korea Nasolabial groove lack lungs diverse – Fossorial, terrestrial, aquatic, arboreal – Webbed feet, ballistic tongue, prehensile tail • well-studied for speciation
Salamandridae • 21 genera, 97 spp • N America, Europe, Asia, N Africa • Newts • poisonous skin, aposematic coloration • some with terrestrial eft stage
Rhyacotritonidae • • One genus, four species Pacific NW USA old growth coniferous forests internal fertilization Hynobiidae • • Nine genera, 43 species Asia external fertilization lungs reduced to absent
Caudata phylogeny • Duellman & Trueb (1986) – Parsimony, 30 morph characters • Larson and Dimmick (1993) – 29 morph characters, 177 n. DNA, parsimony • Gao and Shubin (2001) – 60 morph characters, 177 n. DNA, parsimony; incl. fossil taxa • Weisrock et al. (2005) – mt. DNA, n. DNA (~1300 chars); parsimony, ML, Bayesian • Wiens et al. (2005) – Morph chars (~300), n. DNA, mt. DNA; parsimony, ML, Bayesian • Frost et al. (2006), Pyron and Wiens (2011)
Pyron and Wiens 2011
Anura (Salientia): Frogs
Anura (Salientia): Frogs 6509 species
Synapomorphies of Anura • • • urostyle lack tail fused tibia and fibula fused ulna and radius hindlimbs > forelimbs Nine (or fewer) presacral vertebrae
Frog reproduction general
Frog reproduction general
Tadpole metamorphosis • Digestive gut shortens; stomach forms • Tadpole mouthparts disappear; replaced by teeth, etc. • Movable eyelids • Lungs form • Cartilaginous skeleton replaced with bone • Tail resorbed • Limbs form
Tadpole types Grace Orton • Type 1: Pipidae + Rhinophrynidae • Type 2: Microhylidae • Type 3: Ascaphus, Leiopelma, Bombinatoridae, + Discoglossidae • Type 4: all other frogs Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4
- Spermatophore salamander
- Internal vs external development
- Caudata or urodela
- External fertilization in insects
- Cnidaria
- Sexual reproduction
- Sea urchin external fertilization
- True coelom
- Cortical granules
- Blastula
- Internal fertilization
- Sexual and asexual reproduction venn diagram
- Hare lynx
- Sexual vs asexual reproduction venn diagram
- Texas natural regions
- Inferences in fahrenheit 451
- Fahrenheit 451 thesis statement
- The hearth and the salamander
- Vertical
- Haploid and diploid numbers
- Amphibian phylogeny
- Salamander allusion in fahrenheit 451
- Fahrenheit 451 setting quotes
- What does the hearth and the salamander mean
- Fish salamander tortoise chicken human
- Hagfish cladogram
- Salamander circulatory system
- Salamander
- Lancelet cladogram
- Online dichotomous key activity
- External-external trips
- Any change in the environment