Saints Reformation of the John 17 20 23

Saints Reformation of the

John 17: 20 -23 “I ask not only on behalf of these, but also on behalf of those who will believe in me through their word, that they may all be one. As you, Father, are in me and I am in you, may they also be in us, so that the world may believe that you have sent me. The glory that you have given me I have given them, so that they may be one, as we are one, I in them and you in me, that they may become completely one, so that the world may know that you have sent me and have loved them even as you have loved me. ”

Protestant Reform or Revolt? re·form • verb - make changes in something (typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it. • noun - the action or process of reforming an institution or practice re·volt • verb – refuse to acknowledge someone or something has authority • noun – an attempt to put an end to the authority of a person or body by rebelling

Build Up to Revolution • Weakened Papacy – Avignon (1305 -1376), Great Western Schism (13781418) – Council of Constance & Conciliarism – Rise of Political Opposition to the Vatican • Ecclesial Corruption – – – Nepotism, Pluralism, Absenteeism Immorality, Poor Theological Formation, Class Elitism Simony & Selling of Indulgences • Cultural Forces – Nominalism, Humanism vs Scholasticism, Printing

Reformation Timeline • • Avignon Papacy 1305 -1376 Black Death 1346 -1353 Great Western Schism 1378 -1418 John Wycliffe 1374 -1384 & Jan Hus 14051415 • Invention of Printing Press 1455 • Discovery of New World 1492

Reformation Timeline • • • Fifth Lateran Council 1512 -1517 Selling of Indulgences for St. Peter’s 1515 Luther’s 95 Theses 1517 Diet of Worms 1521 Sacking of Rome 1527

Reformation Timeline • English Act of Supremacy 1534 • Institutes of the Christian Religion by Calvin 1536 • Jesuits Founded 1540 • Council of Trent 1545 -1563

The Players – Team Rome Jimenez Leo X Tetzel Cajetan Charles V

The Players – Team Revolution Luther Frederick III Zwingli Calvin Henry VII

The Issues • Sola Scriptura – Scripture Alone – Rejected the authority of Sacred Tradition & Magisterium • Sola Fide – Faith Alone – Rejected the necessity of “good works” and the sacraments for salvation • Sola Gratia – Grace Alone – Rejected man’s participation in his salvation, it is Christ’s righteousness that is imputed to us • Solus Christus – Christ Alone – Rejected the role/help of Mary, the Saints, and the Church in the process of salvation • Soli Deo Gloria – To God Alone be the Glory – Rejected the honoring of Mary & Saints

The Fallout • Lutherism & Calvinism spread throughout Europe • Huguenots (French Calvinists) get into bloody clashes • Violent skirmishes & persecutions spread • Religious Wars – Wars of Religion 1562 -1598 – 30 Years War 1618 -1648 • Splintering of Protestant denominations

Mark 3: 24 -27 “If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. And if a house is divided against itself, that house will not be able to stand. And if Satan has risen up against himself and is divided, he cannot stand, but his end has come. But no one can enter a strong man’s house and plunder his property without first tying up the strong man; then indeed the house can be

The Fallout • • 1517 Lutherans • 1739 Methodist 0 0 0 1523 Reformed • 16473 Quakers , 3 1525 Mennonites NO • T 1744 e r a t n Congregationalists e a r 1534 Anglicans t e s h e t T o s r Seventh Day • 1860 n P 1560 Presbyterians o i t a n i Adventists m 1605 Baptists eno d • 1863 Salvation Army 1693 Amish • 1900 Pentecostalism

Council of Trent • 1545 – 1563 – In session for only 3 years but spread out over 18 years (1545 -47, 1551 -52, & 1562 -63) – Interrupted by politics, plagues, wars, & deaths of 4 popes • Eliminated selling of indulgences • Clarified the canon of scripture & declared Vulgate only approved translation • Affirmed & defined doctrines challenged by Protestants

Council of Trent • Created seminary system formation of priests • Reform of priests & bishops to combat abuses • Renewal of sacred art • Renewal of prayer and personal piety • Called for a catechism (Roman Catechism,

Council of Trent • Issued Decrees… – Holy Scripture – Original Sin – Justification – Sacraments • Including individual decrees on each sacrament – Cults, Saints, Mary, Images – Indulgences

Saints of the Reformation St. Ignatius of Loyola • Spanish nobility, injured by cannonball • Founded Society of Jesus in 1539 • Jesuits set about renewing the Church through education, spirituality, & mission

Saints of the Reformation St. Thomas More • English lawyer, statesman, philosopher • Friend of Henry VIII • Lord Chancellor of England • Secular Franciscan & devout Catholic • Beheaded for refusing to support

Saints of the Reformation St. Teresa of Avila • Entered Carmelites in 1535 • Dismayed by lack of spiritual discipline in her convent • Began reform movement focused on rigorous way of life & spiritual renewal • Worked with St. John of the

Saints of the Reformation Pope St. Pius V • Elected pope in 1566 • Dominican • Brought reform to Vatican • Implemented the reforms of Trent • Published Roman Missal

Saints of the Reformation St. Robert Bellarmine • Jesuit priest & professor • Worked to put decrees of Trent into practice • Wrote Disputations of the Controversies of the Christian Faith • Authored Jesuit Catechism

Saints of the Reformation St. Francis de Sales • Priest in Calvinist Geneva diocese • Converted 40, 000 to Catholicism • Co-Founded Order of the Visitation • Wrote Introduction to the Devout Life

Saints of the Reformation St. Peter Canisius • Founded 1 st Jesuit house in Germany • Theological advisor at Trent • Lead German & Swiss Catholic revivals • Renowned preacher & defender of faith

Saints of the Reformation St. Charles Borremeo • Named Cardinal at age 25 • Archbishop of Milan • Established seminaries for priests and spread CCD for educating children • Helped keep Trent in session • Great reformer and pastor

Legacy & Future • Much Catholics & Protestants can learn from each other • Vatican II renewed call for dialogue and unity • Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification – “a common understanding of our justification by God's grace through faith in Christ” – Catholic Church & Lutheran World Federation 1999 – World Methodist Council 2006

Saints Reformation of the