Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories Why lab and

Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories

Why lab and chemical safety is important? Lesson learned Basic lab safety Chemical safety • Know your surroundings • First Aid • Personal Protective Equipment • Safe practices • Know what hazards are present • Labelling • Compatibility • Storage • Conclusion

Why lab and chemical safety is important? • Lab and chemical safety is a major aspect of every lab based research and science class. • Lab and chemical safety rules and symbols are needed so that researchers and students do not injure themselves or others working with them. • Having careless behavior towards lab and chemical safety can cause severe consequences even death.

Why lab and chemical safety is important? • In 2009 research assistant in the University of California, Los Angeles, department of chemistry and biochemistry died on Jan. 16 from injuries sustained in a laboratory fire. • The research assistant was wearing safety glasses, a sweater made of synthetic material, nitrile gloves, and no lab coat and that the t-Bu. Li ignited her sweater and gloves. A research university's rapid response to a fatal chemistry accident: Safety changes and outcomes, James H. Gibson, Imke Schröder, Nancy L. Wayne. DOI: 10. 1016/j. jchas. 2014. 01. 003 C&EN (Chemical and Engineering News)Department: Letters Collection: Safety Letters January 22, 2009

Why lab and chemical safety is important? • 5 -bromopyrimidine, acetone, peracetic acid and concentrated sulfuric acid • The powder-dry product was being scraped from a sintered glass funnel to complete the neutralization when an explosion occurred. Chemical & Engineering News (10 Jul 1995) Vol. 73, No. 28, pp. 4

Lesson Learned • Subsequent testing determined that the peroxide dimer of acetone was the most likely cause of the explosion. This material is reported to be both shock and friction sensitive and known to sublime at room temperature. Acetone peroxide dimer of acetone

Why lab and chemical safety is important? • An explosion occurred when an extract from an epoxide-opening reaction containing sodium azide, methylene chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide, and sulfuric acid was being concentrated on a rotary evaporator. • Glass shrapnel from the rotary evaporator broke a laboratory window and the lip of a laboratory shelf and lodged in the chest, arm, and face of the chemist. Chemical & Engineering News (19 Apr 1993) Vol. 71, No. 16, pp. 4. Organic Process Research & Development 2008, 1285– 1286

Lesson Learned • The culprit in these detonations was undoubtedly diazidomethane, (sodium azide in DMSO-CH 2 Cl 2) which is unstable in high concentrations in solution. Diazidomethane

Why lab and chemical safety is important? • An explosion in the chemistry lab of university of Minnesota injured a graduate student. • He was making trimethylsilyl azide, starting with 200 g of sodium azide. • He wasn’t wearing any personal protective equipment. The fume hood after the explosion The safety zone by C&EN Posted By Jyllian Kemsley on Jun 19, 2014 in Academia, Accidents. http: //cenblog. org/the-safety-zone/2014/06/explosion-injures-university-of-minnesota-graduate-student/

Why lab and chemical safety is important? • While disposing of a small quantity of unused Tollens' reagent, there was an unexpected explosion. • The potential hazards associated with Tollens' reagent are omitted from most organic chemistry texts that describe the simple test for aldehydes (silver mirror test). Chemical & Engineering News (8 Jan 1996) Vol. 74, No. 2, pp. 2. http: //www. cleapss. org. uk/

Why lab and chemical safety is important? • Peroxide Explosion Injures Campus Researcher. • Hazardous peroxide contaminants formed in old solvent and exploded after concentration. • The researcher was using a rotary evaporator (rotovap) to remove organic solvents from azobenzene precipitates. . http: //www. ehs. uci. edu/salerts/Lesson%20 Learned_Peroxide. pdf (24. 06. 2013) Green Chem. , 2013, 15, 3484– 3485 Explosive and Reactive Chemical Hazards (Chapter 11) Laboratory Safety Manual – the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Lesson Learned • The explosion was caused by peroxide contaminants in the solvents that had concentrated to the point of being unstable. • Both tetrahydrofuran (THF) and diethyl ether were used in the reaction, and both of these solvents form peroxides over time. Tetrahydrofuran tetrehydrofuran hydroperoxide Chemical & Engineering News (18 Dec 2000) Vol. 78, No. 51, pp. 2. .

Lab Safety • Know your surroundings Images courtesy of deviant art (http: //tobsnn. deviantart. com/), http: //www. signsofsafety. net. au/

Lab Safety http: //www. firesafeservices. com. au/firesafe/

Lab Safety http: //www. firesure. ie/fire_safety_guidance/fire_extinguisher_colour_codes. html

http: //www. nfpa. org/codes-and-standards

Lab safety • First aid • Burns • Immediately flush with cold water until burning sensation is lessened. • Cuts, bruises • Do not touch an open wound without safety gloves. Pressing directly on minor cuts will stop bleeding in a few minutes. Apply cold compress to bruises to reduce swelling. • The eyes • Flush eyes immediately with plenty of water for several minutes. If a foreign object is lodged in the eye, do not allow the eye to be rubbed.

Lab safety • Personal Protective Equipment http: //safety. nmsu. edu

Lab safety • Gloves Glove Material Applications Butyl A synthetic rubber material that offers the highest permeation resistance to gas and water vapors. Especially suited for use with esters and ketones. Neoprene A synthetic rubber material that provides excellent tensile strength and heat resistance. Neoprene is compatible with some acids and caustics. It has moderate abrasion resistance. Nitrile A synthetic rubber material that offers chemical and abrasion resistance, a very good general-duty glove. Nitrile also provides protection from oils, greases, petroleum products and some acids and caustics. ANSI/ISEA 105 -2011, American National Standard for Hand Protection Selection Criteria

Lab safety • Oleylamine Chemical Burn • A laboratory researcher suffered a delayed chemical burn after only a few drops of a highly corrosive organic chemical splattered on his unprotected left forearm. • The burns first appeared hours after exposure, got worse overnight, and eventually required treatment at a hospital. http: //ehs. berkeley. edu/lesson-learned-oleylamine-chemical-burn#sthash. gf. Yp. TN 3 l. dpuf

Lab safety • Safe practices

CHEMICAL SAFETY • Know what hazards are present http: //ehs. berkeley. edu/chemical-safety/globally-harmonized-system-ghspictogram

CHEMICAL SAFETY • Material safety data sheet (MSDS) is a document that relays vital information about certain chemicals and biological agents. National Fire Protection Association diamond label Hazardous Materials Identification System label

Lab Safety • Flash Point • The flammability of Liquids defined by its flash-point • The lowest temperature at which a fuel-air mixture present above the surface of a liquid will ignite if an ignition source is introduced • 21 -55 0 C ~ Flammable • <21 0 C ~ Highly flammable • < 0 0 C ~ Extremely flammable

CHEMICAL SAFETY • Etahnol

CHEMICAL SAFETY • Acetone

CHEMICAL SAFETY • Labelling

CHEMICAL SAFETY

CHEMICAL SAFETY • Secondary labels

CHEMICAL SAFETY acid water

CHEMICAL SAFETY • Fume hoods • The hood draws air from the room and vents it to the atmosphere. • The room air that is drawn into the hood captures contaminants that have been generated inside of the hood and vents them outside.

CHEMICAL SAFETY • Compatibility

CHEMICAL SAFETY • Storage • H+ OH-

CHEMICAL SAFETY • Storage • Non combustible cabinets, refrigerators. • Cabinets for Flammables, Acid/base, Oxidizers etc. • Consider compatibility.

CHEMICAL SAFETY • Storage

CHEMICAL SAFETY • Storage http: //theintersciencecup. blogspot. com/2011/07/explosion-at-naeja. html

CHEMICAL SAFETY • Compatibility should also be considered when disposing chemical waste. • A member of the work team put approximately a gram of sulfur in the waste bucket and covered it with sand. • At a later point, another member of the work team added a metal compound. The waste caught fire. • The metal compound reacted with the sulfur and the oxidation resulted in a fire. • Chemicals were not appropriately segregated.

CHEMICAL SAFETY • Chemical spills • Chemical spill kits • Acid/Base spill kits • Mercury spill kits • Flammable liquid spill kits http: //www. udel. edu/ehs/waste/chemical-spill-kit. html Chemical spill kit

Conclusion • Knowledge of lab safety is not enough one should build a conscious of it. • Lab and chemical safety is a serious matter it should not be considered as a formality and not taken for granted. • Everyone affiliated with laboratories are responsible. • What to do in emergency situation? • Prevent extreme scenario of property and physical damage.

REFERENCES • http: //www. ccohs. ca/oshanswers/ • Laboratory Safety Manual – the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill • Journal of Chemical Health and Safety Volume 18, Issue 4, July–August 2011, Pages 16– 25 • Journal of Chemical Health and Safety Volume 17, Issue 1, January–February 2010, Pages 6– 14 • Journal of Chemical Health and Safety Volume 21, Issue 4, July–August 2014, Pages 18– 26 • Journal of Chemical Health and Safety Volume 21, Issue 3, May–June 2014, Pages 13– 15 • ANSI/ISEA 105 -2011, American National Standard for Hand Protection Selection Criteria • http: //www. sigmaaldrich. com/safety-center/understanding-the-label. html • http: //www. depts. ttu. edu/vpr/integrity/lessons-learned/march-2012. php • http: //www. chem. purdue. edu/chemsafety/News. And. Stories/Refrig. Stories. htm • http: //theintersciencecup. blogspot. com/2011/07/explosion-at-naeja. html • Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards; L. Bretherick, 6 th edition 1999. • Organic Process Research & Development 2008, 1285– 1286 • NFPA 10, 2002 Edition