Safety and Efficiency An ICAO Perspective Aviation Safety

Safety and Efficiency An ICAO Perspective Aviation Safety, Security & the Environment: The Way Forward Vince Galotti Chief/Air Traffic Management ICAO

Presentation Outline Two issues Evolution of ICAO’s efforts toward a more seamless and global ATM system Safety Management

CONTINUED EVOLUTION TOWARD A MORE GLOBAL AND SEAMLESS ATM SYSTEM à Global ATM Operational Concept ä Provides the ICAO vision of seamless, global ATM system ä Endorsed by 11 th ANCONF ä SESAR and Nex. Gen are adapting the concept à Performance Based Transition ä Global Air Navigation Plan æ 23 Global Plan Initiatives æStems from industry roadmap æAssists in establishment of performance objectives æAssists in implementation of ATM operational improvements

Safety Management How do we ensure safety in the more complex, synchronized global system that we strive toward 4

The evolution of safety thinking HUMAN FACTORS ORGANIZATIONA L FACTORS 1950 s 1970 s 1990 s TODAY TECHNICAL FACTORS 2000 s 5

Concept of safety à The elimination of accidents (and serious incidents) is unachievable. à Failures will occur, in spite of the most accomplished prevention efforts. à No human endeavour or human-made system can be free from risk and error. à Controlled risk and error is acceptable in an inherently safe system. 6

Concept of safety (Doc 9859) àSafety is the state in which the risk of harm to persons or property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management. 7

The management dilemma Resources Protection Management levels Resources Production 8

The big picture àOperation of aircraft àMaintenance of aircraft àAir traffic services àAerodromes äTwo audience groups æStates æService providers äThree distinct requirements æSafety programme æSMS æ Management accountability 9

As of 23 November 2006 àStates shall establish a safety programme, in order to achieve an acceptable level of safety in: äThe operation of aircraft äThe maintenance of aircraft äThe provision of air traffic services äAerodrome operations àThe acceptable level of safety to be achieved shall be established by the State(s) concerned 10

What is a safety programme? àAn integrated set of regulations and activities aimed at improving safety. àStates are responsible for establishing a safety programme: äSafety regulation äSafety oversight äAccident/incident investigation äMandatory/voluntary reporting systems äSafety data analysis and exchange äSafety assurance äSafety promotion 11

As of 23 November 2006 àStates shall require, as part of their safety programme, that an [operator, maintenance organization, ATS provider, certified aerodrome operator] implements a safety management system accepted by the State that, as a minimum: ä Identifies safety hazards ä Ensures that remedial action necessary to maintain an acceptable level of safety is implemented ä Provides for continuous monitoring and regular assessment of the safety level achieved ä Aims to make continuous improvement to the 12

What is an SMS? à A systematic approach to managing safety, including the necessary organizational structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures. à Providers are responsible for establishing an SMS. à States are responsible of the acceptance and 13

As of 23 November 2006 àAn accepted safety management system shall clearly define lines of safety accountability throughout the [airline, maintenance, ATS provider, certified aerodrome operator] organization, including direct accountability for safety on the part of senior management. Note. – Guidance on safety management systems is contained in the ICAO Safety Management Manual (Doc 9859). (Accountability – Obligation or willingness to account for one’s actions) 14

Safety programme – SMS relationships Protection Objective: Public safety Production State safety programme Oversight Acceptance Oversight Organization’s Objective: safety Manage and control management safety risk system (SMS) Objective: Organization’s Achieve commercial production goals and customer processes Risk management satisfaction Safety assurance 15

The essential is invisible to the eyes Number of occurrences 1– 5 30 – 1000 – 4000 Accidents Serious incidents Incidents Latent conditions 16

Strategies – Levels of intervention and tools Safety management levels dle d i M h Baseline performance g i H Op. Hazards Proactive Predictive era tion al p erf FDA ASR o rm Direct Surveys anc observation Audits e systems Highly efficient Very efficient Desirable management level w Lo Reactive ASR MOR Efficient Reactive Accident and incident organization reports Insufficient “Practical drift” 17

Risk mitigation at a glance Hazard identification and risk management Assessment of the defences within the safety system Accepting the mitigation of the risk Control and mitigation of the risk (s) H H Ø Does the mitigation Regulations EACH HAZARD Training Technology R R EACH RISK address the hazard? Ø Does it address the risk(s)? Ø Is it effective? Ø Is it appropriate? Ø Is additional or differe mitigation warranted nt Ø Do the mitigation strategies generate additional risk(s) Feedback (Safety assurance) 18

Safety culture à A construct à An outcome, not a process à The introduction of safety management concepts lays the foundation upon which to build a safety culture à Safety culture cannot be “mandated” or “designed”, it evolves. à It is generated “top-down” 19

Positive culture Informed culture People are knowledgeable about the human, technical, organizational and environmental factors that determine the safety of the system as a whole. Reporting culture People are prepared to report their errors and experiences Positive culture Just culture People are encouraged (even rewarded) for providing essential safety-related information. However, there is a clear line that differentiates between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. Source: David Marx Flexible culture People can adapt organizational processes when facing high temporary operations or certain kinds of danger, shifting from the conventional hierarchical mode to a flatter mode. Learning culture People have the willingness and the competence to draw conclusions from safety information systems and the will to implement major reforms. 20

Summary àThe global ATM system continues to grow rapidly àThe growth will continue (environment? ) àICAO works toward a safe and efficient growth äGlobal ATM operational concept äGlobal Air Navigation plan àNew approach to safety äProactive, predictive äPerformance based äSAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 21