Safe Sex Safe Sex A mutually monogamous relationship

Safe Sex

Safe Sex A mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner

Sexual Health Intimate personal relationships free from coercion, violence, or risk of negative outcomes such as sexually transmitted disease or unplanned pregnancy.

Sexual Responsibility • • Consider outcomes Respect others Plan for safety Avoid STIs/HIV & unplanned pregnancy

Sexual Behavior Risks • Abstain or Delay sex • “Outercourse” rather than Intercourse • Long-term, mutual monogamy • Intercourse – oral-vaginal-anal (protected) – oral -vaginal-anal (unprotected) SAFE RISKY

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Diseases (STI/STD) Sexually transmitted diseases are infections you acquire through sexual contact

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Diseases (STI/STD) • • • Chlamydia HPV/Genital Warts Herpes Simplex (HSV) Molluscum Contagiosum

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Diseases (STI/STD) • • • Hepatitis B (HBV) Syphilis HIV/AIDS Gonorrhea Chancroid Nongonnococcal Urethritis

What is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)? • HIV is the virus that causes AIDS • A person can be infected with HIV and not know it • Knowing if you have HIV can save your life!

HIV versus AIDS • HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. • A person can look and feel healthy even if they have HIV. • A person with HIV can pass the virus to others. • HIV weakens the body’s ability to fight infection, making a person very sick. This is called AIDS. • It can take years for a person infected with HIV to develop AIDS • A person with AIDS can still pass HIV to others.

HIV is not like a cold… You can’t just “catch it”

How is HIV transmitted? ü Unprotected oral, vaginal or anal sex. Anal sex is the riskiest. ü Sharing needles for drugs, tattoos or body piercing. ü Pregnancy, childbirth or breast feeding.

HIV is passed through the following BODY FLUIDS: • SEMEN (cum) • BLOOD • VAGINAL FLUID • BREAST MILK

How do we pass body fluids? BLOOD • Sharing Needles • Pregnancy & Childbirth • Sex - If there are open cuts or blood in the vagina, mouth, penis, or rectum VAGINAL FLUIDS & SEMEN (cum) • Unprotected vaginal, oral or anal sex BREAST-MILK Breast-Feeding

HIV TESTING • The test for HIV is not a routine blood test • Before getting tested, a person must receive counseling & sign a special HIV consent form

ABCs of Safe Sex Abstinence from sex. This is the only 100% safe way to prevent HIV. Best to have only one partner. Condom use if you have sex.

Protective Measures Female condom Male condom

Correct Use • • • New condom each and every time Put on as soon as erection occurs Hold tip and unroll onto penis Use water-based lubricants Withdrawal while erect

Correct Use Open the Female condom package carefully; tear at the notch on the top right of the package. Do not use scissors or a knife to open. The outer ring covers the area around the opening of the vagina. The inner ring is used for insertion and to help hold the sheath in place during intercourse.

Correct Use While holding the Female condom at the closed end, grasp the flexible inner ring and squeeze it with the thumb and second or middle finger so it becomes long and narrow.

Correct Use Choose a position that is comfortable for insertion – squat, raise one leg, sit or lie down.

Correct Use Gently insert the inner ring into the vagina. Feel the inner ring go up and move into place. Place, the index finger on the inside of the condom, and push the inner ring up as far as it will go. Be sure the sheath is not twisted. The outer ring should remain on the outside of the vagina.

Correct Use The female condom is now in place and ready for use with your partner. When you are ready, gently guide your partner’s penis into the condom's opening with your hand to make sure that it enters properly – be sure that the penis is not entering on the side, between the sheath and the vaginal wall.

Correct Use To remove the Female condom, twist the outer ring and gently pull the condom out. Wrap the condom in the package or in tissue, and throw it in the garbage. Do not put it into the toilet.

Oral Contraceptives • • 99. 5% effective (perfect use) 95% effective (typical use) Taken daily Positive and negative health effects possible • Does not protect against STIs

Contraceptive Injection Depo. Provera • 99. 7% effective • Once every 3 months • Requires no other actions • After stopping, may take 6 or more months to get pregnant • Does not protect against STIs

Diaphragm • 94% effective (perfect use) • 80% effective (typical use) • Can be inserted up to 6 hours before and must remain for 6 hours after intercourse • Use spermicides for each intercourse • Simple to use and non-invasive • Does not protect vaginal wall or penis from STIs

Withdrawal Method • 96% effective (perfect use) • 81% effective (typical use) • Requires trust and control • Not a highly reliable “method” • Does not protect against STIs

Fertility Awareness Methods Rhythm Method • 75 -99% effective • Avoid sex during fertile period • Requires careful planning and motivation • Does not protect against STIs

Emergency Contraception • Morning after Pill • Same hormones used in birth control pills • Use for accidents • Use up to 72 hours after intercourse • Does not protect against STIs • Available at every military medical clinic

Condoms + Other Contraceptives • If you or your partner are using one of the many forms of birth control which do not protect against STIs, use condoms also to reduce the chance of acquiring or transmitting disease.

What is Important to You? • • • Health Career Finances Relationships Personal Values Secure future

Safe Sex Benefits ü Protect yourself ü Protect your partners ü Protect your baby (if you’re pregnant) ü Peace of mind

Stay Healthy! • Use condoms every time you have vaginal, oral or anal sex. • Limit the number of sexual partners you have. • Never share needles or equipment if you do use drugs.

STAY SAFE!

Reference New York Presbyterian Hospital Family Planning Center for Community Health & Education Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, HIV AIDS Counseling http: //www. ripnroll. com/reality 2. htm, Female Condoms How to use www. jamaica-nyp. org, Ministry of Health