Sacrifices of the Old Testament Introduction Origin The

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Sacrifices of the Old Testament

Sacrifices of the Old Testament

Introduction - Origin � The concept of sacrifice resulted from Adam’s transgression. � When

Introduction - Origin � The concept of sacrifice resulted from Adam’s transgression. � When Adam sinned he felt naked and ashamed. � This is when God prepared him a tunic of skin and clothed him. (Gen. 3: 21)

Introduction - Origin � This was the first sacrifice in history, with it, man

Introduction - Origin � This was the first sacrifice in history, with it, man learned that 1. Sin brings forth nakedness 2. Sacrifice (blood) brings forth “covering”

The Meaning of Blood � Blood is a symbol of : � Life ○

The Meaning of Blood � Blood is a symbol of : � Life ○ Be sure that you do not eat the blood, for the blood is the life; you may not eat the life with the meat. (Deut. 12: 23) � The giving of one’s life ○ For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you upon the altar to make atonement for your souls; for it is the blood that makes atonement for the soul. ' (Lev 17: 11)

Blood Atonement � The sinner dies because of his/her sins, but when the righteous

Blood Atonement � The sinner dies because of his/her sins, but when the righteous dies, he dies on behalf of the sinner. (Redemption) ○ “Without shedding of blood there is no Remission” (Heb 9: 22) ○ “Whom God set forth as atonement by His blood (Rom 3: 25) ○ The Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister and to give his life a ransom for many. (Mat 20: 28) Blood Redemption Remission Atonement

Why Offer Sacrifices? � There were 2 major consequences of sin: ○ By sin

Why Offer Sacrifices? � There were 2 major consequences of sin: ○ By sin we have displeased God ○ By sin we deserve death � Sacrifice offering corrects the consequences ○ The Burnt, Grain and Peace offerings address the first consequence ○ The Sin and Trespass offering address the second consequence

Types of Sacrifices 1. The Burnt Sacrifice 2. The Flour Offering 3. The Peace

Types of Sacrifices 1. The Burnt Sacrifice 2. The Flour Offering 3. The Peace Sacrifice 4. The Sin Sacrifice 5. The Trespass Sacrifice

Two Groups � The sacrifices are divided into 2 groups: Burnt, Flour, Peace Sin,

Two Groups � The sacrifices are divided into 2 groups: Burnt, Flour, Peace Sin, Trespass Voluntary offerings made by fire as a sweet smelling aroma to the Lord (Eph 5) Mandatory atonement for the sins of the offerer. Offered outside the Tabernacle

Spiritual Meaning � By offering, the offerer : - � Acknowledges and admits his

Spiritual Meaning � By offering, the offerer : - � Acknowledges and admits his sin ○ This realization is essential for the return to God and for the acceptance of the offering (sacrifice) ○ The offerer would not be offering a sacrifice had he not realized his sinfulness

Spiritual Meaning � By offering, the offerer : - � Realizes the wages of

Spiritual Meaning � By offering, the offerer : - � Realizes the wages of sin (death) ○ The wages of sins demand death. ○ For the wages of sin is death (Rom 6: 23 )

Spiritual Meaning � By offering, the offerer : - � Understands the concept of

Spiritual Meaning � By offering, the offerer : - � Understands the concept of redemption ○ Heb 9: 22, Heb 9: 12, Eph 5: 2, Eph 1: 7, Rom 3: 24 -25 ○ Every sin must be punished either in he who committed the sin or in someone else that takes his place (ransom)

Spiritual Meaning � By offering, the offerer : - � Understands the concept of

Spiritual Meaning � By offering, the offerer : - � Understands the concept of redemption ○ He who does not believe in Christ as his redeemer and does not hide behind his divine grace and mercy must pay the punishment himself (death). ○ The Justice of God must be exercised one way or another. ○ This may be done through the Cross of Christ or eternal death to he who rejects the Ransom.

Spiritual Meaning � By offering, the offerer : - � Believes the sacrifice carries

Spiritual Meaning � By offering, the offerer : - � Believes the sacrifice carries his sins ○ The Father’s justice is now satisfied when He sees that the Sacrifice (Christ crucified) has carried the punishment of sin (death) ○ Isa 53: 6 “The LORD has laid on Him the iniquity of us all. ”

Principles when Offering � The offerer brings the offering to the door of Tabernacle

Principles when Offering � The offerer brings the offering to the door of Tabernacle of Meeting. � He confesses his sins while placing his hands on it. � In the placing of hands, the sins are transferred from the offerer to the sacrifice

Principles when Offering �The laying on of hands shows a transfer of identity; that

Principles when Offering �The laying on of hands shows a transfer of identity; that is, the offerer put his own identity upon the sacrifice. �This identification secured for the offerer the acceptance of his offering. �In essence, the offerer and the sacrifice become ONE.

The Burnt Sacrifice (Leviticus 1)

The Burnt Sacrifice (Leviticus 1)

The Burnt Sacrifice � This sacrifice was offered from Bulls, lambs, goats, turtledoves or

The Burnt Sacrifice � This sacrifice was offered from Bulls, lambs, goats, turtledoves or pigeons � The offerer brings the sacrifice to the door of the Tabernacle. � He puts his hand on the sacrifice and confess his sins thereby transferring his sins onto the sacrifice.

The Burnt Sacrifice � The entire sacrifice is burned with fire. No one eats

The Burnt Sacrifice � The entire sacrifice is burned with fire. No one eats from it. � It belongs to God as a sweet smelling aroma. � The priest sprinkles the blood around the altar. ○ A symbol that the sacrifice of Christ is atonement for the whole world.

The Burnt Sacrifice � The offering is skinned and cut into pieces ○ �

The Burnt Sacrifice � The offering is skinned and cut into pieces ○ � A symbol of the examination that our Lord went through regarding his deeds and words. This sacrifice points to the most significant aspect of the sacrifice of the Cross. That is complete obedience of the Son to the Father ○ Phil 2: 8 “He humbled Himself and became obedient to the point of death, even the death of the cross. ” ○ Heb 5: 8 “Though He was a Son, yet He learned obedience by the things which He suffered”

The Grain (flour) Offering (Leviticus 2)

The Grain (flour) Offering (Leviticus 2)

The Grain Offering � This sacrifice was offered from flour, oil and frankincense mixed

The Grain Offering � This sacrifice was offered from flour, oil and frankincense mixed with salt � The purpose of this sacrifice was for a sweet smelling aroma to the Lord � It points to the life of Christ on earth

The Grain Offering � We grind the flour and bake it with oil ○

The Grain Offering � We grind the flour and bake it with oil ○ The flour = the life of Christ as it was crushed with suffering ○ The oil = the anointment of the Holy Spirit ○ The frankincense = Christ’s service ○ Salt = covenant with God (Lev 2: 13) � No leaven nor honey allowed (Lev 2: 11) ○ Honey signifies worldly pleasure ○ Leaven signifies sin

The Peace Sacrifice (Leviticus 3)

The Peace Sacrifice (Leviticus 3)

The Peace Sacrifice � An offering of cattle, sheep or goats as a sweet

The Peace Sacrifice � An offering of cattle, sheep or goats as a sweet smelling aroma to the Lord � The offerer eats of it with the priest. A sacrifice of sharing and unity. � It is associated with joy and gladness because the offerer and the priests eat of it in the presence of God ○ Points to peace and reconciliation with God

The Peace Sacrifice Christ here in a symbol of joy not only to His

The Peace Sacrifice Christ here in a symbol of joy not only to His Father but to everyone as well � It is offered for thanksgiving to God � ○ � Points to the Eucharist = Thanksgiving Whoever eats from this sacrifice had to be pure or else to be cut from all ○ This symbolizes the need for repentance and confession before communion (1 Cor 11: 28)

The Peace Sacrifice � In the Burnt Offering Christ offers Himself to the Father,

The Peace Sacrifice � In the Burnt Offering Christ offers Himself to the Father, in the Peace offering, He offers Himself to everyone � In the Burnt Offering, only blameless males were offered, in the peace offering the sacrifice could be of male and female (it relates to the offerer)

The Sin Sacrifice (Leviticus 4)

The Sin Sacrifice (Leviticus 4)

The Sin Sacrifice � An offering of a bull or a goat � Offered

The Sin Sacrifice � An offering of a bull or a goat � Offered outside the camp (Tabernacle) for God could not look at the sacrifice that bore the sins of the offerers. � This sacrifice is to save the offerer from his sins by transferring the sins onto the sacrifice.

The Sin Sacrifice � In the laying of hands, it is no longer he

The Sin Sacrifice � In the laying of hands, it is no longer he who offers, it is the sacrifice. � God does not look at the person who is offering but at the offered sacrifice ○ God looks at man through the sacrifice ○ God condemns the sin of man in the sacrifice

The Sin Sacrifice �God looks at us through Christ �God condemns our sins in

The Sin Sacrifice �God looks at us through Christ �God condemns our sins in Christ who bore it. ○ The LORD has laid on Him the iniquity of us all. (Isa 53: 6) ○ He bore the sin of many (Isa 53: 12) ○ who Himself bore our sins in His own body on the tree. (1 Peter 2: 24)

The Sin Sacrifice �Christ became our “Sin Sacrifice” ○ For He made Him who

The Sin Sacrifice �Christ became our “Sin Sacrifice” ○ For He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him. (2 Cor 5: 21) ○ God sent “His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, on account of sin: He condemned sin in the flesh (Rom 8: 3) ○ Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us (Gal 3: 13)

The Sin Sacrifice �In the Eucharist, Christ offers Himself to the Father. ○ Christ

The Sin Sacrifice �In the Eucharist, Christ offers Himself to the Father. ○ Christ is the “Offerer” i. e. The Priest ○ Christ is the “Offering” i. e. The Sacrifice �Through our union with the Sacrifice “Holy Communion”, we identify with the sacrifice and receive forgiveness of sins ○ For this is My blood of the new covenant, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. (Mat 26: 28)

The Trespass Sacrifice (Leviticus 7)

The Trespass Sacrifice (Leviticus 7)

The Trespass Sacrifice � Offering of a ram, or the price of the ram

The Trespass Sacrifice � Offering of a ram, or the price of the ram in addition to paying back what was stolen/destroyed plus (1/5) � Like the Sin Sacrifice, it is offered outside the camp (Tabernacle) � This offering deals with the act of sin

The Trespass Sacrifice � It is for 2 kinds of sins: ○ Against holy

The Trespass Sacrifice � It is for 2 kinds of sins: ○ Against holy things of the Lord ○ Against people � The Sin Sacrifice addressed the nature of sin while the Trespass Sacrifice addressed the act of sin

In Summary � The burnt offering was the work of Christ in His death

In Summary � The burnt offering was the work of Christ in His death and resurrection � The grain offering symbolized the righteous earthly walk of Christ � The peace offering was a celebration to thank God for accepting the sacrifice � The sin offering addressed the nature of sin trespass offering keeps us in fellowship with God daily

Christ on the Cross On Good Friday, Christ (the High Priest) prepares the altar

Christ on the Cross On Good Friday, Christ (the High Priest) prepares the altar (Golgotha) for the sacrifice (Himself) � He carries the wood (Cross) of the burnt offering (Isaac) � He willfully puts Himself on the altar � The fire (suffering) consumes the sacrifice on the altar (the sins of all generations) �

Christ on the Cross The righteous ones who died before Christ, place their hands

Christ on the Cross The righteous ones who died before Christ, place their hands on the head of the Sacrifice (Christ) � Before the sacrifice turns into ashes, He says “It is finished” � We take the Blood of the Sacrifice (Eucharist) and sprinkle it around the altar (our souls 1 Cor 3: 16) �

The Blood of Christ � It is the blood that was shed from His

The Blood of Christ � It is the blood that was shed from His side without it there is no remission (Heb 9: 22) � It is the blood with which we conquer and become victorious (1 John 5: 4 -6) � It is the blood that will judge all those who do not believe in Him (Matt 27: 25) � It is the blood that is presented freely for us in Church (1 Cor 10: 16, Mat 26: 28)

The Blood of Christ � It is the blood with which Christ entered –

The Blood of Christ � It is the blood with which Christ entered – on our behalf – into the holy of holies to redeem us (Heb 9: 12) � It is the blood out of which we must partake or we become dead in our sins (John 6: 53) � It is the blood with which we are sanctified and justified (Rom 3: 24 -25) � It is the blood with which we are redeemed (Eph 1: 7)

Conclusion “With His own blood He entered the Most Holy Place once for all,

Conclusion “With His own blood He entered the Most Holy Place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption, how much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without spot to God, cleanse your conscience from dead works to serve the living God” (Heb 9: 12, 14)

Conclusion � Through our union with Christ (Eucharist), we become partakers of what Christ

Conclusion � Through our union with Christ (Eucharist), we become partakers of what Christ has offered to the Father. � Christ’s obedience to the Father (Heb 5: 8) is now offered on our behalf. � The Father accepted it from Him and from us in Him.

Conclusion � In the sacrifice of the cross we become obedient to the Father

Conclusion � In the sacrifice of the cross we become obedient to the Father in our obedience to Christ. � Let’s come forth and unite with the sacrifice of the cross and become partakers of the cross and become “crucified with Christ” (Gal 2: 20)

References � Our Christ “Beyond Time” – HG Late Bishop Youanees, Bishop of Gharbia,

References � Our Christ “Beyond Time” – HG Late Bishop Youanees, Bishop of Gharbia, 1982 � The Sacrifices of the Old Testament – Deacon Samir Shafik Sporting, Alexandria 1971 � Liturgy and Life – Alexander Schmemann, 1974 � Christ in the Eucharist – Fr Tadros Y. Malaty, 2001 � Aspects of Orthodox Worship – Alikviadis Calivas, 2003 � The Bible and the Liturgy – Jean Danielou, 1966 � Commentary on Hebrews – Fr Tadros Y. Malaty, 1987 � Commentary on Leviticus – Fr Tadros Y. Malaty, 1984 � He loved them to the end – Audio sermon by HH Pope Shenouda III