S9 Define the term motion Give an example

S-9 �Define the term motion. �Give an example of something in motion. �How do we know an object is in motion? �How do we know if we are in motion even if our eyes are closed?

Chapter 2 Motion SPS 8 Students will determine relationships among force, mass, and motion. a. Calculate velocity and acceleration.

11. 1 Distance and Displacement What is needed to describe motion completely? How are distance and displacement different? How do you add displacements?

11. 1 Distance and Displacement I can determine an appropriate frame of reference and decide if an object is moving �How do we know an object is moving? �Frame of reference Motion is always relative (compared to) something That something is called the Frame of Reference for us usually the earth)

11. 1 Distance and Displacement I can determine an appropriate frame of reference and decide if an object is moving �How do we know an object is moving? �Frame of reference We choose a frame that makes sense. Using the ground as a frame, the ball is moving forward Using the truck as a frame of reference, the ball goes up then back down

11. 1 Distance and Displacement I can explain the difference between distance and displacement �Distance – the length of a path between two points �Displacement – straight line distance (and direction) between the start and end �Example: Travel 3. 5 miles south

11. 1 Distance and Displacement I can add one dimensional vectors for displacement, velocity, and acceleration �Adding Displacements (vector addition) �Vector – has number value and direction �If the vectors aren’t PHET in a straight line, then we Vector Addition have to use trigonometry to add the vectors

11. 2 Speed and Velocity How are instantaneous speed and average speed different? How can you find the speed from a distance-time graph? How are speed and velocity different? How do velocities add?

11. 2 Speed and Velocity I can calculate the average speed for a moving object. �Speed – ratio of distance to time �Measured in meters per second (m/s) � Average SR-71 Blackbird Speed: 2070 mph or 920 m/s �Example: A car travels 25 km in 0. 2 hours, then 45 km in 0. 3 hours. What is the average speed? �Total distance and then total distance

11. 2 Speed and Velocity I can calculate the average speed for a moving object. �Practice: A person jog 400 meters in 192 seconds, then 200 meters in 132 seconds, and finally 100 meters in 96 seconds. What is the joggers speed?

11. 2 Speed and Velocity I can calculate the average speed for a moving object. �Practice: A train travels 190 kilometers in 3. 0 hours, and then 120 kilometers in 2. 0 hours. What is its average speed?

11. 2 Speed and Velocity I can calculate the average speed for a moving object. �A speedometer does not measure average speed, it measures instantaneous speed.

11. 2 Speed and Velocity I can calculate speed from a distance time graph. �A distance time graph can be used to determine speed. Gizmo Distance vs. Time �The slope of the graph (distance divided by time) is average speed

11. 2 Speed and Velocity I can list two ways velocity changes and show these changes by graphs or diagrams. �Velocity – speed in a direction (vector) �Velocity changes with either A change in speed A change in direction �Velocity is added by vector addition (like displacement)

11. 3 Acceleration How are changes in velocity described? How can you calculate acceleration? How does a speed-time graph indicate acceleration? What is instantaneous acceleration?

11. 3 Acceleration I can define acceleration. �Acceleration is a change in velocity, so Change in speed ▪ Either getting faster ▪ Or getting slower Change in direction ▪ Turning �Measured in meters per second squared (m/s 2)

11. 3 Acceleration I can calculate the acceleration for an object changing speed. �Calculating Acceleration – divide the change in velocity (speed) by the total time �Example: A ball rolls down a ramp, starting from rest. 4 seconds later, it’s velocity is 13 m/s. What is the acceleration of the ball? �First, what is the initial velocity? � 0 m/s

11. 3 Acceleration I can calculate the acceleration for an object changing speed. �Practice Problem 1 �A car traveling at 10 m/s slows down to 3 m/s in 20 seconds. What is the acceleration?

11. 3 Acceleration I can calculate the acceleration for an object changing speed. �Practice Problem 2 �An airplane travels down a runway for 4. 0 seconds with an acceleration of 9. 0 m/s 2. What is its change in velocity during this time?

11. 3 Acceleration I can determine acceleration from a speed-time graph. �Reading a Speed-Time graph �The slope of the graph (rise over run) is the acceleration Straight upward – positive constant acceleration Straight downward – negative constant acceleration (slowing down) Flat – constant speed, no acceleration Curved – changing acceleration

11. 4 Free Fall How does gravity cause acceleration?

11. 4 Free Fall I can calculate using the acceleration due to gravity. �Free Fall – when an object is falling under only the influence of gravity �The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the earth is 9. 80 m/s 2 �So our acceleration equation becomes �Everything else is the same

11. 4 Free Fall I can calculate using the acceleration due to gravity. �Problem 1 �How fast will a rock dropped from the top of the empire state building be going after 8. 0 seconds?