S Roesler C Theis C Urscheler Heinz Vincke

S. Roesler, C. Theis, C. Urscheler, Heinz Vincke, Helmut Vincke Radiation protection aspects for the Phase II upgrade

Outline �A quick introduction to FLUKA �Residual dose equivalent predictions FLUKA ◦ ◦ by Evolution parameters for simulation Focus on Inner Detectors Scaling factors for Phase II upgrade Measured dose rates and comparison to FLUKA simulations for ATLAS �ALARA: ◦ ALARA rules ◦ Optimization during design (Acti. Wiz) Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 2

What is FLUKA 1, 2? �General purpose tool for calculating transport and interactions of particles with matter �Applications: accelerator shielding to target design, activation, dosimetry, detector design, etc. (1) A. Ferrari, P. R. Sala, A. Fasso and J. Ranft. FLUKA: amulti-particle transport code. s. l. : CERN 2005 -10, INFN/TC_05/11, SLAC-R-773, 2005. (2) G. Battistoni, S. Muraro, P. R. Sala, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, S. Roesler, A. Fasso, J. Ranft. The FLUKA code: Description and benchmarking. Proceedings of the Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop 2006. s. l. : Fermilab 6 -8 Sept 2006, AIP Conference Proceeding 896, 31 -49 (2007 ). Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 3

Physics in FLUKA 1, 2 interaction and transport of: ◦ About 60 particles (non-nuclei) �Photons and electrons from 1 ke. V to thousands of Te. V �Hadrons up to 20 Te. V (up to 10 Pe. V by linking DPMJET 3) �Neutrons down to thermal energies (260 energy groups for E < 20 Me. V) �Heavy ions ◦ In complex geometries and presence of magnetic fields (1) A. Ferrari, P. R. Sala, A. Fasso and J. Ranft. FLUKA: a multi-particle transport code. s. l. : CERN 2005 -10, INFN/TC_05/11, SLAC-R-773, 2005. (2) G. Battistoni, S. Muraro, P. R. Sala, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, S. Roesler, A. Fasso, J. Ranft. The FLUKA code: Description and benchmarking. Proceedings of the Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop 2006. s. l. : Fermilab 68 Sept 2006, AIP Conference Proceeding 896, 31 -49 (2007 ). (3) S. Roesler, R. Engel, J. Ranft. The Monte Carlo Event Generator DPMJET-III. s. l. : Springer-Verlag Berlin, 10331038 (2001), 2000. Vols. in Proceedings of the Monte Carlo 2000 Conference Lisbon, October 23 -26. Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 4

ATLAS model in FLUKA Original version by: A. Ferrari, modified and updated by many other authors • • • Symmetry in φ and with regard to xy plane at IP Including magnetic field from toroid Reduced implementation of services and support structure Pixel Endcap calorimeter TAS Endcap toroid Q 1 10 m (4) V. Vlachoudis "FLAIR: A Powerful But User Friendly Graphical Interface For FLUKA" Proc. Int. Conf. on Mathematics, Computational Methods & Reactor Physics (M&C 2009), Saratoga Springs, New York, 2009 Pictured with FLAIR 4 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 5

CMS model in FLUKA Original version by: M. Huhtinen, modified and updated by many other authors • • Symmetry in φ and with regard to XY plane in IP except for interface to LHC Including magnetic field from solenoid and from Q 1 Reduced implementation of services and support structure HE Blockhouse No Castor HF Pixel 10 m (4) V. Vlachoudis "FLAIR: A Powerful But User Friendly Graphical Interface For FLUKA" Proc. Int. Conf. on Mathematics, Computational Methods & Reactor Physics (M&C 2009), Saratoga Springs, New York, 2009 TAS Q 1 Pictured with FLAIR 4 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 6

Operational scenario up to Phase II L. Rossi / Workshop on remote manipulations, 6. Mai 2013 Assumptions on the operational parameters as obtained from ATLAS and CMS 2011&2012 ATLAS Lint (fb-1) Lpeak (cm-2 s-1) CMS Lint (fb-1) Lpeak (cm-2 s-1) LS 1 2015 2016 2017 31 52 41 3× 1033 1. 0× 103 2019 2020 2021 41 83 83 83 1. 0× 1034 1. 0× 103 2. 0× 1034 26 50 80 100 150 150 8× 1033 1. 2× 103 2. 3× 1034 2. 5× 103 4 4 LS 2 4 3 3. 5× 1034 4 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June LS 3 7

Residual dose rates LS 3 – ATLAS 1 week 6 months 0. 5 u. Sv/h 0. 15 u. Sv /h one year one month 0. 3 u. Sv/h 0. 11 u. Sv /h Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 8

Residual dose rates LS 3 – CMS 1 week 6 months 5 u. Sv/h 1 u. Sv/h one year one month 3 u. Sv/h 0. 7 u. Sv/h EDMS-Nr: 1281113 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 9

ATLAS - inner detectors implementation in FLUKA beampipe: • Be for z<3. 5 m, aluminium for z>3. 5 m • No bellows included Pixel layout • : by P. Miyagawa TRT Pixel. SCT Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 10

ATLAS - Residual Dose in vicinity of Inner detectors LS 1 1 week 6 months 4 weeks 1 year Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 11

ATLAS - Residual Dose in vicinity of Inner detectors LS 3 1 week 6 months 4 weeks 1 year Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 12

ATLAS - Scaling factors inner detectors (0<r<1 m) LS 1 LS 3 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 13

ATLAS - Scaling factors inner detectors (0<r<1 m) LS 3 LS 1 Average scaling factors: residual dose at different cooling times 1 w 1 w/4 w 1 w/6 m 1 w/1 y LS 1 1 0. 7 0. 3 0. 2 LS 3 1 0. 8 0. 4 0. 3 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 14

ATLAS - Scaling factors LS 1 to LS 3 Average scaling factors: Residual dose LS 1 vs LS 3 1 w 4 w 6 m 1 y LS 3 / LS 1 7. 5 8. 4 11 12 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 15

CMS - inner detectors implementation in FLUKA beampipe: • Be for z<2 m, steel for z>2 m Pixel layout • : by I. Kurochkin Tracker layout: • Si layers, average material for services and air HCAL barrel ECAL endcap Silicon tracker Pictured with FLAIR Bellows (Fe, Cr, Ni) Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 16

CMS - Residual Dose in vicinity of Inner detectors LS 1 1 week 6 months 4 weeks 1 year Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 17

CMS - Residual Dose in vicinity of Inner detectors LS 3 1 week 6 months 4 weeks 1 year Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 18

CMS - Scaling factors inner detectors (0<r<1 m) LS 1 LS 3 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 19

CMS - Scaling factors inner detectors (0<r<1 m) LS 3 LS 1 Average scaling factors: residual dose at different cooling times 1 w 1 w/4 w 1 w/6 m 1 w/1 y LS 1 1 0. 5 0. 2 0. 1 LS 3 1 0. 6 0. 3 0. 2 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 20

CMS - Scaling factors inner detectors Average scaling factors: Residual dose LS 1 1 w vs LS 3 4 w LS 3 / LS 1 14 21 24 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 11 6 m 2013, 19 -21 June 1 y 21

ATLAS – Bechmark to measured dose rates forward region LS 1 Measurement points 1 -5: Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 22

ATLAS – Benchmark to measured dose rates forward region LS 1 Measurement points 1 -5 @ 40 cm: MEASUREMENT / [µSv/h] FLUKA / [µSv/h] 1 19 14 +- 2 2 10 14 +- 2 3 7. 2 11 +- 2 4 47 42 +- 1 5 42 50 +- 1 Measurement data from 21. 2. 2013 in courtesy of O. Beltramello, N. Conan, S. Malyukov, G. Spigo Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 23

ATLAS – Benchmark to measured dose rates LS 1 Measurement points 6 -8 @ 10 cm: 6680 (EBC) Barrel EBC 40 cm 90 cm VI 180 cm VA MEASUREMENT / [µSv/h] FLUKA / [µSv/h] 6 39 16 7 32 14 8 52 29 Measurement data from 6. 3. 2013 in courtesy of O. Beltramello, N. Conan, S. Malyukov, G. Spigo Dose equivalent rate prediction for VA by Z. Zajacova Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 24

Classification of non-designated and radiation areas at CERN EDMS-Nr: 810149 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 25

General Principles of Radiation Protection 1) Justification any exposure of persons to ionizing radiation has to be justified 2) Limitation the personal doses have to be kept below the legal limits 3) Optimization the personal doses and collective doses have to be kept as low as reasonable achievable (ALARA) IEFC workshop 2011, 21 - 24 March 26

Optimization – CERN safety code F Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 27

Optimization – ALARA procedure Optimization includes: • work coordination • work procedures • handling tools • design • material Group 1 criteria Optimization is legal requirement if accumulated annual dose exceeds 100 μSv (ALARA) 5 m. Sv Group 1 criteria: determine ALARA Level classification Group 2 criteria: can be used by RP/RSO to increase/decrease classification depending on radiological risk analysis Formal work-and-dose-planning(DIMR) as from ALARA Level 2 Group 2 criteria Optimization is done by the Experiment safety group (RSO, Glimos) in cooperation with CERN-RP group ALARA committee if ALARA Level 3 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 28

Optimization during design – Intervention doses Optimization starts with the design! Methodology: 1. Calculation of residual dose rate maps • • • for cooling times typical for interventions on the respective component based on nominal operational parameters definition of geometry and materials as detailed as needed (and available) 2. Calculation of individual and collective intervention doses • • • Done by Experiment safety group (RSO, RPE, Glimos) approved by RP based on as realistic as possible work scenarios, including locations, duration, number of persons involved, . . identification of cooling times below which work will be impossible (design criterion: 2 m. Sv/intervention/year) 3. Revision of design and/or work scenario • • • start with work steps that give highest individual or collective doses consider optimization measures (distance, tooling, material choices, etc. ) identify if remote handling is possible Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 29

Optimization during design – Material choice Goal: • Minimize doses received by personnel during maintenance and repair • Reduce costs for waste disposal Consider radiological hazards in the choice of construction materials Tool to optimize material choices: Acti. Wiz 5 Computer code implementing a risk model using pre-calculated FLUKA results. Considers external exposure and radioactive waste disposal Provides radiological hazard assessment for arbitrary materials within a few seconds Catalogue 6, produced with Acti. Wiz, listing pre-processed risk factors for typical accelerator construction materials as well as natural elements Web-based catalogue (Acti. Web) allowing user friendly comparison of pre-processed materials Web-site: https: //actiwiz. web. cern. ch/ (5) H. Vincke, C. Theis: “Acti. Wiz - optimizing your nuclide inventory at proton accelerators with a computer code, Proceedings of the ICRS-12 & RPSD 2012 conference, Nara, Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology, in press, 2013. (6) R. Froeschl, S, Sqobba, C. Theis, F. La Torre, H. Vincke, N. Walter: “Radiological hazard classification of Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics material in CERN’s accelerators”, EDMS-Nr: 1184236 2013, 19 -21 June 30

Acti. Wiz webbased catalog Pictures from: Acti. Web by F. L. Pereira, C. Theis, H. Vincke, (c) CERN 2011 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 31

Acti. Wiz webbased catalog Pictures from: Acti. Web by F. L. Pereira, C. Theis, H. Vincke, (c) CERN 2011 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 32

Acti. Wiz – Material Catalogue Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 33

Optimization during design – Acti. Wiz Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 34

Summary and Conclusion � Ambient dose equivalent rate around inner detectors for Phase II: up to 100 µSv/h after several months of cool down time � Scaling factors from LS 1 to LS 3 between 8 -12 for ATLAS and 12 -24 for CMS, depending on the cooling time � Benchmark with ATLAS measurements indicates factor of 2 for most locations with exceptions at local hotspots due to inaccurate geometry implementation � Future work: update FLUKA geometries including changes during LS 1 (aluminium beampipe, implementation of missing flanges etc. ) Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 35

Backup slides LS 2 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 36

Residual Dose in vicinity of ATLAS Inner detectors 1 week LS 2 6 months 4 weeks 1 year Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 37

Residual Dose CMS Inner Detectors LS 2 1 week 6 months 4 weeks 1 year Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 38

BACKUP SLIDES ATLAS �Residual dose only pixel �Residual dose only ID-SCT-TRT Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 39

Residual Dose ATLAS Pixel LS 1 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 40

Residual Dose ATLAS Pixel LS 3 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 41

Residual Dose ATLAS ID-SCTTRT LS 1 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 42

Residual Dose ATLAS ID-SCTTRT LS 3 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 43

Waste zoning CMS https: //edms. cern. ch/document/1286671/1 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 44

Waste zoning ATLAS https: //edms. cern. ch/document/1286661/1 Forum on Tracking Detector Mechanics 2013, 19 -21 June 45