S F Bay Area Biosolids How Much are

S. F. Bay Area Biosolids How Much are We Talking About? Presented By: Jim Sandoval, CH 2 M HILL June 2, 2008 BACWA Biosolids Workshop Photo By:

Overview § § § Infrastructure Production Management

Infrastructure

Current Biosolids Infrastructure in the Nine-County Bay Area § 55 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) – Operated by 53 wastewater treatment agencies – Together treated an est. avg. dry weather flow (ADWF) of 660 million gallons per day (mgd) in 2003 – Produced est. 504 dry tons per day (dtpd) biosolids in 2003 § i. e. 184, 000 dry tons per year (dtpy)

Bay Area WWT by County (2003) COUNTY Alameda ADWF (MGD) BIOSOLIDS PRODUCTION (dtpy) 157. 8 30, 300 Contra Costa 90. 8 28, 200 Marin 20. 3 5, 300 Napa 17. 2 4, 300 San Francisco 89. 9 22, 000 San Mateo 56. 6 11, 300 Santa Clara 145 59, 900 Solano 43. 2 11, 000 Sonoma 39. 4 11, 600 TOTALS 660 183, 900

Influent Data (2003) § Range of WW flow rates received at plants – 0. 3 mgd at the City of St. Helena – 100 mgd at the San Jose/Santa Clara Water Pollution Control Plant § The average WWTP flow treated in Bay Area was 12. 5 mgd

Biosolids Data (2003) § Range of solids contents of treated biosolids – 4% solids at Dublin-San Ramon Services District § biosolids are dredged from facultative lagoons & injected into a dedicated land disposal site – 85% solids at Oro Loma Sanitary District § biosolids are dried in solar drying beds § Many plants use mechanical dewatering (e. g. belt filter presses or centrifuges) – – solids contents 15 - 26% Vallejo Sanitation & Flood Control District yielded 32% using limestabilized biosolids & belt filter presses § Plants that nitrify ammonia & filter effluent had higher biosolids production rates – e. g. San Jose/Santa Clara WPCP - 1. 15 dry tons per million gallons treated – Plants that do not nitrify or filter - average of 0. 62 dry tons per million gallons treated

Production

Population Projections (2003) § Bay Area WW agencies served approx. 6. 68 million people – Approx. 95% of the nine-county population § By 2010, 7. 08 million people § By 2030, 7. 72 million people – 15. 6% increase over 2003

Breakdown of Population Served in each County Alameda 2003 2005 2010 2020 2030 Increase (2003 -2030) 1, 449, 000 1, 544, 000 1, 583, 000 1, 645, 000 1, 709, 000 14. 8% Contra Costa 881, 000 916, 000 936, 000 989, 000 1, 041, 000 18. 2% Marin 247, 000 252, 000 254, 000 264, 000 272, 000 10. 1% Napa 112, 000 116, 000 121, 000 128, 000 133, 000 18. 8% San Francisco 777, 000 790, 000 799, 000 813, 000 827, 000 6. 4% San Mateo 669, 000 686, 000 694, 000 715, 000 741, 000 10. 8% 1, 697, 000 1, 762, 000 1, 805, 000 1, 907, 000 1, 999, 000 17. 8% Solano 380, 000 407, 000 426, 000 458, 000 496, 000 30. 5% Sonoma 429, 000 450, 000 463, 000 490, 000 504, 000 17. 5% TOTALS POP SERVED 6, 681, 000 6, 923, 000 7, 081, 000 7, 409, 000 7, 722, 000 15. 6% BAY AREA POP. 7, 030, 000 7, 194, 000 7, 405, 000 8, 045, 000 8, 657, 000 23. 1% Santa Clara Source: Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG)

Distribution by County of Population Served in 2003

Biosolids Production Projections § Future biosolids production rates estimated using: – Current biosolids production rates – Projected population growth § Projected biosolids production growth: – – 183, 900 dry tons in 2003 (i. e. 504 dtpd) 192, 600 dry tons in 2008 (i. e. 528 dtpd) 229, 000 dry tons in 2030 (i. e. 626 dtpd) 19% increase from 2008 to 2030 § Projected biosolids production > projected population increase…why? – Much of the population growth will occur in service areas that require nitrification of ammonia and filtration (e. g. San Jose/Santa Clara)

Estimated Biosolids Production Rates (dtpy) County 2003 2005 2010 2020 2030 Increase (2003 -2030) Alameda 30, 300 30, 800 32, 000 34, 600 37, 800 24. 8% Contra Costa 28, 200 28, 700 30, 200 33, 100 34, 800 23. 4% Marin 5, 300 5, 400 5, 700 6, 000 6, 100 15. 1% Napa 4, 300 4, 400 4, 600 4, 900 5, 000 16. 3% San Francisco 22, 000 22, 200 22, 600 23, 600 25, 900 17. 7% San Mateo 11, 300 11, 500 11, 700 12, 700 13, 000 15. 0% Santa Clara 59, 900 61, 300 64, 600 71, 600 77, 800 29. 9% Solano 11, 000 11, 400 12, 200 14, 000 15, 000 36. 4% Sonoma 11, 600 11, 800 12, 400 13, 200 13, 600 17. 2% TOTALS 183, 900 187, 500 196, 000 213, 700 229, 000 24. 5% 504 514 537 585 627 24. 5% Daily Production *Total volume generated in California in 2007 was 799, 000 dtpy

Review of Biosolids Classes CFR Title 40, Part 503 § Class A biosolids – Treated to reduce pathogens to below detectable levels – Can be used without pathogen-related restrictions at application site – Can be bagged and sold to the public, if other requirements are met § Class B biosolids – Treated to reduce pathogens but still contain detectable levels – Have site restrictions to minimize the potential for human and animal exposure until environmental factors, such as heat, sunlight, and desiccation, have reduced pathogens further – Cannot be sold or given away in bags or other containers or used at sites with public use § Sewage sludge that is not treated to meet land-application standards – – – Disposed at landfills Disposed at surface disposal sites that contain only sewage sludge Incinerated

Class A and Class B in the Bay Area § Most Bay Area WWTPs produce Class B biosolids § Some plants produce Class A with biosolids solar drying beds – Solar drying not explicitly listed as a Class A process under Part 503 Rule – Requires special testing to verify Class A standards met

Distribution of Class A and Class B in the Bay Area (2006) Source: EPA Region 9

Distribution of Class A and Class B in the California (2006) Source: EPA Region 9

Management

Bay Area Biosolids Management Practices § Bay Area WWTPs manage biosolids in many ways § Most biosolids managed by private companies – Applied to agricultural and pasture land to improve soil conditions – Hauled to landfills for use as alternative daily cover (ADC) Disposed of in landfills

Bay Area Biosolids Management Practices § Other practices: – Incineration § Palo Alto RWQCP & Central Contra Costa Sanitary District § Ash disposed in landfills – Dedicated land disposal sites § DSRSD & Novato Sanitary District § Owned/used these sites many years

Distribution of Reuse/Disposal Options California vs. Bay Area Source: EPA Region 9

California Biosolids Management Practices § Trends: – Southern California agencies, rely heavily: § Land application § Compost – Northern California agencies, combination: § Landfill ADC/disposal § Land application § Incineration

End Uses in Bay Area by County Bulk for landfill uses Source: EPA Region 9

Closing – The Common Thread § Diverse array of options utilized in California for biosolids reuse & disposal § Frequently, agencies use multiple options for robust programs § Land application – Plays a significant role in reuse – Viewed as highest & best use for Class B biosolids § Bay Area agencies seeking innovative new outlets for biosolids reuse – – – Changing political & regulatory trends: ADC & land app. Limited capacities Today’s subsequent presentations…

Questions?

Backup Slides § The average cost of biosolids management in 2003: – $21. 71 per wet ton at 20% solids concentration § or $108. 55 per dry ton – Prices ranged from $5. 50 per wet ton to $52 per wet tons § Dedicated land disposal and incineration operations have costs similar to the costs incurred by agencies that dewater or dry biosolids