Russian Revolution Learning Goal 3 Identify the causes

1905 Czar Nicholas in Power § Czar (also Tsar) = emperor § Ruled as

1914 Russia joins WWI and does poorly § Local soviets (councils of workers/peasants and

1917 February Revolution Czar Nicholas flees § Worker strikes, food shortages and huge losses

1917 October Revolution Peace, Bread, Land § Bolsheviks = Political party that most attracted

March 1918 Soviets sign treaty of Brest-Litovsk § Treaty gives huge piece of land

Summer 1918 Czar Nicholas II and family executed The Romanovs § Anastasia

1919 -1921 Civil War erupts § “Whites”-supporters of the czar vs. “Reds”-Bolsheviks § Anti-Bolsheviks

1921 Lenin introduced New Economic Policy (NEP) § Retained some capitalist aspects renamed Russia

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Russian Revolution Learning Goal 3: Identify the causes of the February and October Revolutions in Russia and describe how the Russian Revolution affected the outcome of World War I and led to Bolshevik rule in the Soviet Union. (TEKS/SEs 10 D, 12 A)

1905 Czar Nicholas in Power § Czar (also Tsar) = emperor § Ruled as an autocrat (absolute monarch) § Bloody Sunday § Peasants & workers live under terrible conditions § Protest & petition Czar for reforms § Soldiers open fire on unarmed protesters § Revolts & strikes break out across the empire § Results in some reforms & creation of the Duma (elected legislative body)

1914 Russia joins WWI and does poorly § Local soviets (councils of workers/peasants and soldiers) wanted: § Russia out of World War I § economic stability § land reform

1917 February Revolution Czar Nicholas flees § Worker strikes, food shortages and huge losses in World War I cause Czar Nicholas II to abdicate (give up) the throne in 1917 § A provisional (temporary) government established and some liberal reforms were introduced, but refused to get out of the war

1917 October Revolution Peace, Bread, Land § Bolsheviks = Political party that most attracted the soviets § Led by Vladimir Lenin § Marxist § Lenin and followers (military leader Leon Trotsky) overthrow provisional government

March 1918 Soviets sign treaty of Brest-Litovsk § Treaty gives huge piece of land to Germany as a concession to leave the fighting in World War I. § Russia is now out of the war

Summer 1918 Czar Nicholas II and family executed The Romanovs § Anastasia

1919 -1921 Civil War erupts § “Whites”-supporters of the czar vs. “Reds”-Bolsheviks § Anti-Bolsheviks don’t want communist take-over § In spite of opposition to communism, threats to Russia by Allies at the end of World War I unified Russians as they sought to defend their homeland - nationalism.

1921 Lenin introduced New Economic Policy (NEP) § Retained some capitalist aspects renamed Russia the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).