RUSSIAN REVOLUTION FLOW CHART CHARACTERISTICS OF 19 TH

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION FLOW CHART

CHARACTERISTICS OF 19 TH CENTURY CZARS • • • Autocracy Harsh measures against opponents Secret police Pogroms Oppression of non-Russians Resistance to change

EVENTS OF 1905 Bloody Sunday • 200, 000 workers march on czar’s winter palace • Troops fire on crowd, 1, 000 + killed Creation of Duma • First parliament of Russia • Czar forced to share power; dissolved it after 10 weeks

NICHOLAS II’s MISTAKES • Brought Russia into WWI • Moved Headquarters to front in WWI • Czarina Alexandra given power; she became influenced by Rasputin • Rasputin was freaky, crazy, and corrupt • People poor and starving; lots of unrest

• MARCH 1917 (February in Russian Calendar) • 200, 000 workers march on St. Petersburg (Petrograd) over bread and fuel shortages • Czar’s soldiers joined the crowds “DOWN WITH AUTOCRACY!”

PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT Temporary Government Led by: Alexander Kerensky But the Provisional Government did not have as much power as the…

• Formed by social revolutionaries • Local councils in cities • Consisted of workers, peasants, and soldiers

SUPREME SOVIET (MOSCOW) 15 Socialist Republics in the USSR Soviet: Socialist Republic of Urkraine City Soviet: Kiev City Soviet: Odessa Soviet: Socialist Republic of Estonia City Soviet: Tallinn

MISTAKES OF PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT Biggest mistake: kept Russia in World War One Also, did not help workers or peasants with food and fuel shortages Lost all support!

NOVEMBER REVOLUTION Led by: Vladimir Lenin, leader of Bolshevik Party (Communists!) His slogan: “Peace, Land, and Bread” • Bolshevik Red Guards took over gov’t offices; arrested Prov. Gov’t leaders • Bolsheviks in power November 1917

• All farmland distributed to peasants • Factories controlled by workers • End Russia’s involvement in WWI • Gained many opponents, leading to Russian Civil War

RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR 1918 -1920 RED ARMY • Bolsheviks (Communists!) • Led by…Leon Trotsky WHITE ARMY • Opponents of Bolsheviks in Russia; western nations like the USA

RESULTS OF THE CIVIL WAR • Red Army crushes all opposition to Bolshevik rule • Russian economy destroyed: no trade or industrial production

BOLSHEVIKS BECOME KNOWN AS… THE COMMUNIST PARTY (still led by Lenin)

THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY 1921 To help Russia recover from the war Lenin allowed for a little bit of capitalism • Peasants could sell surplus (extra) crops for profit • Individuals could buy and sell goods for profit • Some small factories, farms, and businesses allowed

NEW COUNTRY • Lenin organized Russia into self-governing republics • Central Government controlled them! • 1922: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) • Capital: Moscow • Lenin had created a “Dictatorship of the Communist Party” (Marx calls it the Dictatorship of the Proletariat) • This becomes known as Leninism