Russian Revolution Causes Political Anger Nicholas II Autocracy

Russian Revolution: Causes Political Anger § Nicholas II ► Autocracy ► Censorship, pogroms Economic Turmoil § Industrialization ► Increased taxes, ► grueling working conditions, low wages, child labor ► Outlawed trade unions § Revolutionary Movement ► Based on Marxist ideas ► Mensheviks, Bolsheviks Bloody Sunday

Russian Revolution: Causes Crises at Home and Abroad § Russo-Japanese War (February, 1904) § Bloody Sunday (1905) ► See primary document § Duma § World War I ► Alexandra ► Rasputin

Russian Revolution March Revolution (1917) ► Causes – see docs ► Effects March Revolution § Abdication of Czar § Provisional Government § Soviets

Russian Revolution: Under Lenin ► Soviets ► Bolshevik Revolution (Nov. 1917) ► Vladimir Lenin (r. 1917 -1924) § § § Farmland distributed to peasant Control of factories to workers Created Gulags – labor camps for dissenters ► Secret police ► Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - - > ► Civil War (1918 -1920) § Reds vs. Whites § Trotsky

Civil War Where did the Allied troops occupy land? Did Russia gain any land back that was lost in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Lenin Restores Order New Economic Policy Temporarily tabled plan for state-controlled economy ► Small scale version of capitalism § Allowed peasants to sell surpluses instead of turning them over to the state § Some small factories, businesses and farms operated under private ownership ► Govt control of major industries, banks, means of communication § Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Political Reforms

IV. Joseph Stalin (r. 1927 -1953) § Secretary General § Politburo § Great Purge (19361938) ►Gulags ►KGB Joseph Stalin § Propaganda § 5 Year Plan § Collectivization ►Kulaks

“Literature, the cinema, the arts are levers in the hands of the proletariat which must be used to show the masses positive models of initiative and heroic labor”—Pravda

“those who fall behind get beaten. But we do not want to be beaten. No, we refuse to be beaten! One feature of history of old Russia was the continual beatings she suffered for falling behind, for her backwardness. She was beaten by the Mongol Khans…by the Japanese barons. All beat her—for her backwardness: for military backwardness, for political backwardness, for agricultural backwardness. She was beaten because to do so was profitable and could be done with impunity…That is why we must no longer lag behind. ” —Joseph Stalin

“Not a single class in history has reached power without thrusting forward its political leaders, without advancing leading representatives capable of directing and organizing the movement. We must train people who will dedicate to the revolution, not a spare evening but the whole of their lives. ”—Lenin Vladimir Lenin

Leon Trotsky