RUSSIA USSR From Tsarist Rule Communist Revolution in

RUSSIA

USSR From Tsarist Rule… Communist Revolution in 1917 Superpower Democratic Revolution in 1991 …To Russian Federation

HYBRID SYSTEM Oligarchy = small group of advisors Real Democracy = struggle over freedoms Illiberal Democracy = on paper but not free Autocratic = deference to authority Statism = strong state protects form outside Which one?

PEOPLE AND PLACE Geography Change Large Tradition Statist Orthodoxy Equality

CHANGE Government Economic Autocratic Tsars New Economic Policy Totalitarian Communism Collectivization Democratic Oligarchy Gosplan Institutions Reforms Democratic Centralism Glastnost Nomenklatura Democratization Politburo Perestoika

CITIZENS AND THE STATE Contradictions Cleavages Attitudes Support idea of democracy Desire more freedom …but… Nationality Religion Social Class Urban/Rural Mistrust Gov. Like strong government Want powerful leaders and Statist Econ Transition and Westernization

PARTICIPATION 100% voting rate Choose within Party Undeveloped Civil Society State Corporatism Nashi

PARTIES Weak structures Short lifespan Personalistic Limited power Not Ideological United Russia Communist Party Liberal Democrats A Just Russia “Parties of Power”

CORPORATISM Top Oligarchs Own 50% of GNP “Insider Privatization” Russian Mafia protection money corruption Media Pravda

INSTITUTIONS Semi-Presidential President Prime Minister Bureaucrats Bicameral Federation Council Duma Courts Constitutional Supreme KGB Reinforce State Authority Military Loyal to Government

POLICY AND ISSUES Economy wavering into marketization and too oil dependent Foreign Policy dealing with Confederation of Independent States and the West Recentralization of Power under Putin and in the Kremlin Development of Civil Society against History of Statism Terrorism Loss of Population

VIDEOS http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/putins-way/ https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 P 7 m. OPKi. Kz 8&list=PLhu. A 9 d 7 RIOdaix. GF 11 t 91 d. OEXf 1 N 2 q-o. L x 8 in Russian with subtitles https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=USUA_1 WVM 8 I part 1 in English