Russia a Czar Russian name for Caesar b
Russia
a. Czar – Russian name for Caesar. b. Ivan III – (the Great) ends the Mongol yoke and takes the title Czar c. Slavs – ethnic people of Eastern Europe/Russia d. Vikings – Germanic tribe of Northern Europe who invaded throughout Europe in the 800’s. e. Mongols – Asian nomadic tribe that invaded Russia and established the world’s largest empire. - Genghis Khan – leader of Mongols f. Yaroslav the Wise – created Russia’s law code
Rise of Russia • Area inhabited by Slavs Vikings arrive using river system • Set up state based on trade & conquest around 9 th Century State founded by Rurik Capital at Kiev • People called Rus
Kievan Russia
Kievan Rus • “Third Rome” • Decentralized government Divided into provinces Constant strife between boyars and princes • Constant threat of nomadic invasion
Origins • It is believed Rurik, a Viking, settled in the city of Novgorod in 862 CE • Rurik joined the city of Novgorod and Kiev to create Russia • Kiev became the major trading city
The Founders of Kiev Three Brothers: Kyi, Schek, and Khoryv Кий, Щек, Хорив
Kiev • Kiev becomes a major trade center and eventually adopts Orthodox Christianity under the rule of Vladimir _____ I around 980. • Orthodox Christianity was selected Constantinople because of ties to ______ which includes trade and the belief that the Emperor was head of the church as well.
Russia & Christianity • Prince Vladimir converted in 989 CE -Converted for trade, commercial reasons • Elites baptized by order of prince, often against will Famous Russian onion domes • Missionary – St. Cyril
St. Cyril and the Cyrillic Alphabet
St. Sophia Church in Novgorod
Kiev Expands Because of its close ties to the Byzantine ______ Empire, Kiev grew in prominence and was considered an ally protectorate and _____ of Constantinople. Patriarch sent The _______ of Constantinople teachers to spread the faith and _______ the educate masses. Kiev became the first unified state in Russia.
Yaroslav the Wise United the former kingdom of Novgorod ______ with Kiev to expand his Empire Created Russia’s first _____ Law Code _______, the Russkaya Pravda, to bring about unity. Attacked Constantinople in 1043 unsuccessfully 1019 to 1054 Ruled Kiev _____
Reading the Russkaya Pravda in Kiev Yaroslav I - the Wise
Kiev Falls Yaroslav dies in The Kievan king, _____ 1054 leaving his kingdom to multiple heirs. This resulted in the fracturing of Kievan ______ Rus into multiple the ____ principalities: a region controlled by a prince _____. This would weaken the Russians just as a fierce threat Mongols emerged, the ______.
Mongol Invasion The Tatar Yoke (1237 – 1480) Mongols Russian invade and take over Kiev princes collect tribute and pay it to the Mongols as a from of homage.
Ivan I (Moneybags) The unite Russia by Mongols helped _______ forcing the Princes to submit to their puppet ruler. Ivan I, from the city of ____, Moscow was appointed as the Mongol emissary. He collected _____ and paid it to tribute the Mongols after keeping a share for himself. Moscow modernizing He invested in ____, the city.
Moscow under Ivan I
Ivan I
Ivan III (The Great) 1462 - 1505 Took the title “Grand Duke of all the Russians” Claimed Russia was the _______ Third Rome ____. Ended the Tatar Yoke in 1480 Tsar Took the title ____, Russian for Caesar. Made a new law code Boyars Created the noble class - _____
The Palace of Facets Commissioned by Ivan III
Ivan III rejects the Tatars request for Tribute
Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible: 1533 – 1547) Had St. Basil’s constructed in Moscow _____. His wife, Anastasia Romanovna, died early – possibly murdered by the Boyars _____. Accidentally killed his son in a fight. Created the Oprichnina system as a way to “get back” at the boyars.
Oprichnina Direct control over the nobles by: marriages – Arranging all ______. – Could strip a boyar of their title. secret police. – Ruling with the first ____ death The Oprichniki: a ____ squad. Killed as many as 60, 000 in the Massacre of Novgorod _______.
Ivan the Terrible at the deathbed of his first and most-beloved wife, Anastasia Romanovna. Ivan married 7 times, sometimes divorcing a wife a week after the marriage. Ivan the Terrible
Ivan the Terrible killing his son by Ilya Repin
Ivan seeks repentance for the murder of his son
The Mongols Temujin, a Mongol chieftan united many Mongolian tribes and would take the title “Ghengis Khan” or Universal Ruler. Regions conquered by Ghengis would become “provinces” that were referred to as “Khanate”… or kingdoms. TACTICS: Mongols used FEAR to conquer enemies. They used the technique of “false retreat” They are superior horsemen.
Modern Day Mongolia
Kublai Khan Ghengis Khan’s Grandson Founded the Yuan Dynasty in China Conquered most of China Met with Marco Polo, according to legend
Mongols Crash Course
Marco Polo An Italian (Venetian) Father was a trader who sat up business in Constantinople, which was burned in 1206 forcing them to flee Resided in what would become the Mongol “Ilkhanate” They (and Marco) became ambassadors for the Khans and since they spoke Latin, were sent as emissaries to Pope Gregory X 1274 Marco Polo (then 17 years old) began his journey as a mediator between the Pope and the Great Khan
The Fra Mauro Map 1453
Crash Course
- Slides: 41