Runge 4 th Order Method Civil Engineering Majors

Runge 4 th Order Method Civil Engineering Majors Authors: Autar Kaw, Charlie Barker http: //numericalmethods. eng. usf. edu Transforming Numerical Methods Education for STEM Undergraduates 9/18/2020 http: //numericalmethods. eng. usf. edu 1

Runge-Kutta 4 th Order Method http: //numericalmethods. eng. usf. edu

Runge-Kutta 4 th Order Method For Runge Kutta 4 th order method is given by where 3 lmethods. eng. usf. edu http: //numerica

How to write Ordinary Differential Equation How does one write a first order differential equation in the form of Example is rewritten as In this case 4 lmethods. eng. usf. edu http: //numerica

Example A polluted lake with an initial concentration of a bacteria is 10 7 parts/m 3, while the acceptable level is only 5 x 106 parts/m 3. The concentration of the bacteria will reduce as fresh water enters the lake. The differential equation that governs the concentration C of the pollutant as a function of time (in weeks) is given by Find the concentration of the pollutant after 7 weeks. Take a step size of 3. 5 weeks. 5 lmethods. eng. usf. edu http: //numerica

Solution Step 1: 6 lmethods. eng. usf. edu http: //numerica

Solution Cont is the approximate concentration of bacteria at 7 lmethods. eng. usf. edu http: //numerica

Solution Cont Step 2: 8 lmethods. eng. usf. edu http: //numerica

Solution Cont is the approximate concentration of bacteria at 9 lmethods. eng. usf. edu http: //numerica

Solution Cont The exact solution of the ordinary differential equation is given by the solution of a non-linear equation as The solution to this nonlinear equation at t=7 weeks is 10 lmethods. eng. usf. edu http: //numerica

Comparison with exact results Figure 1. Comparison of Runge-Kutta 4 th order method with exact solution 11 lmethods. eng. usf. edu http: //numerica

Effect of step size Table 1 Value of concentration of bacteria at 3 minutes for different step sizes Step size 7 3. 5 1. 75 0. 875 0. 4375 6. 5715× 106 6. 5705× 106 − 1017. 2 − 53. 301 − 3. 0512 − 0. 18252 − 0. 011161 0. 015481 8. 1121× 10− 4 4. 6438× 10− 5 2. 7779× 10− 6 1. 6986× 10− 7 (exact) 12 lmethods. eng. usf. edu http: //numerica

Effects of step size on Runge. Kutta 4 th Order Method Figure 2. Effect of step size in Runge-Kutta 4 th order method 13 lmethods. eng. usf. edu http: //numerica

Comparison of Euler and Runge. Kutta Methods Figure 3. Comparison of Runge-Kutta methods of 1 st, 2 nd, and 4 th order. 14 lmethods. eng. usf. edu http: //numerica

Additional Resources For all resources on this topic such as digital audiovisual lectures, primers, textbook chapters, multiple-choice tests, worksheets in MATLAB, MATHEMATICA, Math. Cad and MAPLE, blogs, related physical problems, please visit http: //numericalmethods. eng. usf. edu/topics/runge_kutt a_4 th_method. html

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