Rumania 1 history structure 1 1 the second

Rumania

1. history structure 1. 1. the second world war 1. 2. Rising communism 1. 3. Ceaucesco 1. 4. the Revolution 1989 1. 5. 1990 until today 2. political system 2. 1. Did the new political institution any previous history? 2. 2. Were Romania able to define an own future concerning the political system? 2. 3. participation 2. 4. current political system 2. 5. poltical parties 3. economy 3. 1. economy during 1944 -1989 3. 2. economy during 1989 -2014 4. society

2 nd World War Rumania tried to stay neutral 28 th of July 1940: The Soviets annexed parts of Rumania => accepted this condition to avoid a war 4 th of September 1940: The military dictator Ion Antonescu took the power (right-winged) 23 th of September 1940: Rumania joined the Axis Powers fought against the Allies killed many jews and Romanies

2 nd World War 23 th of August 1944: The front was near to Romania again King Mihai made a coupe with left-winged polititains and formed a new goverment joined the Allies Parisian peace conference 1946: Romania was oficially no part of the Allies They surrendered parts of their country Occupied by the soviets

1946: Rising Communism the “Romanian communistic party“ was “elected“ retrospective with manipulated elections The elite of the old system were disappropriated or killed 1947: King Mihai was forced to recsign and to flee to exile Romanian People's Republic was declared Communists and Socialists formed together the governing party Many opposition parties were forbidden 1955: Romania joined Warsaw Pact.

Ceaucescu 1965: after death of old leader Ceaucescu took leadership declared the Socialistic Republic of Romania In the Beginning Ceaucescu was very favoured Ceaucescu built a totalitarian regime with his secret service “Securitate“ Romania approached more and more the western countries and China

Ceaucescu In order to reduce depts in other countries he decreased i. a. social spending The economic situation got worse Suppression of certain parts of the citizens Dissolving protests of the very poor people by violence He used important goods to build or to finance huge palaces or other buildings

The Revolution 1989 17 th December 1989 Revolution started in Timișoara because soldiers shot protesting people In many big citys protests started army turned away from Ceaucescu and fought against the Securitate(secret service) Ceaucesco was arrested and killed (25 th December) Securitate began to disappear

1990 - today 1990: The first free elections were held new government forbid communistic parties and the Securitate 1991: First constitution => parliamentary democracy 2007: Romania got a member of the EU

Did the new political system have any previous history? (before the revolution) 1831: First law similar to a constitution 1945 – 1991: Communism 1991: First constitution -> parliamentary democracy 2003: To join the EU, Romania had to change their constitution -> constitutional democracy

Rumania: Were Rumania able to define an own future concerning the politic system? After 2 nd world war: Abandoned by Western powers Romania falls under control of Russians (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) • Political parties are banned ; many members are arrested • System of forced labor and political prisons • Banking, industry and transport are nationalized → no real chance to plan own future

Participation in the political system

Current political system Legislature: Majority-voting-system Since 2008 Legislative period: 4 years Parliament (law giving and budget-controlling force): Chamber of Deputies (412 Seats) and the Senate (176 Seats) Local legislature County Councils (42 “districts“) and Local Councils Since 1974 Romania has a President (gets voted through a direct election for five years, has no right of initiative legislation, his decrees must get singed by the head of government, Commander in Chief of the army and leader of the supreme council for defense)

Current political system The Constitution of 1991 is the first post-socialistic Constitution and was demanded by the EU The judiciary consists of different instances The constitutional court consists of nine judges who are appointed by the president, the Chamber of Deputies and by the Senate

Political Parties (big three) Name Abbr. Leader Ideology Position Deputies Senators Social Democra tic Party PSD Liviu Dragnea Social democra cy third way Centerleft 145 59 National Liberal Party PNL Alina Gorghiu Vasile Blaga Liberalis m Centerright 112 63 Gabriel Oprea Social Centerdemocra left cy Progressi vim 38 13 National UNPR Union fot the Progress of Romania

Big Three PSD Formed in 1992 • Major social democratic party in Romania • PNL first formally constituted political party in the country • Largest party in parliament was formed in March 2010 • broken away from the Social Democratic Party (PSD) • second-largest party in the Romanian Parliament • • UNPR tension between PSD and PNL after UNPR formation • largest number of • oldest party from the mayors, local and county family of European councilors liberal parties •

3. 1. economy during 19441989 Member of the Eastern Bloc Switched to a socialist-style command economy Rapid industrialization 1989: GDP (gross domestic product) -> 53. 6 USD GNP (gross national product) -> 58% from industry, 15% from agriculture billion

3. 2. economy during 19892014 Romania gets help from the IMF and the World Bank But still second poorest country in Europe Economic sectors: Service sector Manufacturing industry Agriculture 67, 3% 27, 3% 5, 4% Main industries: electrical engineering, textiles, mining, wood industry, chemical industry, manufacture of auto parts and vehicle Positive growth forecasts for 2015 (2, 8%)

4. Society In Romania live nearly 20 million people which speak Romanian and pay in Romanian Leu (one euro=3. 5 Leu) • The Romanian culture is characterized by various influences: • the embossed diversity European unique • by traditional and modern society • border location of the country between East and West • many ethnic and religious minorities. Carol I. – first Romanian King 1881 -1914 • Great Union Day: on December 1, is the national holiday of Romania. It commemorates the assembly of the delegates of ethnic Romanians held in Alba Iulia, which declared the Union of Transylvania with Romania.

sources • https: //www. hanisauland. de/kalender/rumaenien_nationalfeiertag/ • https: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/100_lei. _Romania, _2005_a. jpg • http: //www. hausderheimat. at/sites/www. hausderheimat. at/files/images/k-johmare. jpg • https: //de. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rum%C 3%A 4 nien • http: //www. rumaenien-biketour. at/joomla/img/rumaenien. jpg • http: //www. rp-online. de/politik/ausland/klaus-johannis-wird-neuer-praesident-in-rumaenien-aid-1. 4673839 PSD: https: //de. wikipedia. org/wiki/Partidul_Social_Democrat PNL: http: //www. campina. info/cgi-sys/suspendedpage. cgi UNPR: http: //www. observatorulph. ro/politic/a-decis-soarta-viceprimarului-petrescu http: //www. qualityaction. eu/images/eu. jpg http: //europa. eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/romania/index_de. htm http: //img. welt. de/img/literarischewelt/crop 101510622/2299737400 -ci 3 x 2 l-w 540/Ceausescu-BM-Bayern-Berlin. jpg