Rules of Packet Transmission Role of packet switching

How is data sent? Payload (the data) Destination Address Source Address (Packet or Datagram)

Using datagram's Computer network File Sending a file File (Packet or Datagram) Sending the

Sending the packets (IP Address) D A File, DATA T Sending computer 1 2

(IP Address) Packets via the Router D A T A Sending computer Packets about

The Router Gateway D A The Router Gateway The router inspects the computer’s address

The Router Gateway D D A A T T A A Computer A x

The Router Gateway Advantages of Packet Switching 1 When sending packets, the system is

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Rules of Packet Transmission (Role of packet switching and routers)

How is data sent? Payload (the data) Destination Address Source Address (Packet or Datagram) When a computer wants to send a message or a file to another computer, it firstly separates the file into a series of data packets. (eg word document, MP 3 etc) Rules of Packet Transmission File

Using datagram's Computer network File Sending a file File (Packet or Datagram) Sending the data Rules of Packet Transmission (Packet or Datagram) Reorganising a file

Sending the packets (IP Address) D A File, DATA T Sending computer 1 2 4 5 A Breaking up the file into packets 3 Data packets are reassembled (IP Address) 6 Rules of Packet Transmission 7 File, DATA Receiving computer

(IP Address) Packets via the Router D A T A Sending computer Packets about to be sent out onto the Internet The router is instrumental in sending packets onto their destination Data packets are reassembled having reached their destination D (IP Address) A T Rules of Packet Transmission A Receiving computer

The Router Gateway D A The Router Gateway The router inspects the computer’s address packets and sends it onto the next router. Rules of Packet Transmission A ‘mish mash’ of routers send messages on to their destinations

The Router Gateway D D A A T T A A Computer A x x If part of the network fails, then packets are rerouted around the failure. Rules of Packet Transmission Computer B

The Router Gateway Advantages of Packet Switching 1 When sending packets, the system is able to survive a partial network failure, as packets are rerouted 2 Packets can be rerouted around failures very quickly and set on a new path 3 The Internet can grow very quickly as its growth is based on the end points not on any centralised control 4 There is no need for Internet routers to notify each other as endpoint connections are formed and dropped 5 The integrity and security of each packet sent is handled by the endpoints, which simplifies the role of the Internet. 6 Each end point need only be aware of the router to which it is connected and optionally a name resolution service. Rules of Packet Transmission