Rules for the correct pronunciation of the s

Rules for the correct pronunciation of the –s ending • • (1) The sounds /s/ /z/ or /ɪz/ (plural nouns and third person singular -s) If a word ends with the sounds /s/, /z/, /t /, /ʒ/, or /dʒ/ the final s is pronounced /ɪz/. If a word ends with any other voiceless consonant sound (/p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, or /θ/), the final -s is pronounced /s/. If a word ends with any other voiced consonant sound (/b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /ð/, /l/, /r/, /m/, /n/, or /ŋ/), or a vowel sound, the final -s is pronounced /z/.

-s ending Exercise: How are these verbs pronounced? /ɪz/ hopes /s/ • reaches • watches /ɪz/ fixes /ɪz/ • remembers /z/ kisses /ɪz/ expects /s/ • rises /ɪz/ drives /z/ • tries /ɪz/ works /s/ • wishes

Rules for the correct pronunciation of the –ed ending Past Simple and Past Participle of regular verbs (-ed) • If a verb ends with a /t/ or /d/ sound, the final –ed is pronounced /ɪd/. • If a verb ends with a voiceless consonant sound (/p/, /s/, /k/, /f/, /t /, or /θ/), the final -ed is pronounced /t/. • If a verb ends with a voiced consonant sound (/b/, /g/, /z/, /v/, /ð/, /l/, /r/, /dʒ/, /m/, /n/, or /ŋ/), or a vowel sound, the final -ed is pronounced /d/.

-d ending Exercise: How are these verbs pronounced? created decided /ɪd/ kissed disappointed /ɪd/ /t/ /d/ suffered enjoyed /d/ /ɪd/ /t/ hated introduced /t/ laughed mixed /d/ refused disappeared