Royal University of Phnom Penh Institute of Foreign

Royal University of Phnom Penh Institute of Foreign Languages Department of English Subject : IG 401 Chapter 6 The Ideological Dimension of Globalization Lecturer : Edgardo Gonzaga 1

Group members BELL Socheata NON Sok. Chamroeun PENG Veasna VA Sotheavy 2

Content I. Key Terms II. Selling Globalization - Claim 1 - Claim 2 - Claim 3 - Claim 4 3

I. Key terms Before exploring the ideological dimension of globalization, we should make an important analytical distinction between globalization, and globalism and ideology. Globalization: social processes of intensifying global interdependence that have been described by various commentators in different, often contradictory ways. 4

Globalism: an ideology that endows the concept of globalization with neoliberal values and meaning. Ideology: a system of widely share ideas, patterned beliefs, guiding norms and values, and ideals accepted as truth by a particular group of people. 5

II. Selling globalization National poll on globalization conducted in 200 shows: -65% of respondents: globalization is good for both consumers and business both in the US and the rest of the world. -Other respondents: they afraid that globalization might lead to a significant loss of American jobs. 6

Claim 1: Globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets Neoliberals is anchored in the idea of the self regulating market Neoliberals seek to cultivate Liberalization and integration of global market as natural phenomena Globalist message of liberalizing and integration market The successful liberalization of market Globalists have been successful 7

Claim 2: Globalization is inevitable and irreversible Globalists rely on a similar monocausal, economistic, narrative of historical Globalization is irreversible Globalization is inevitable and inexorable and it is accelerating 8

Claim 3: No body is in charge of globalization People are in charge of globalization; markets and technology are Paul Krugman, US economist Thamas Friendman, New York Times correspondent and award-winning author Robert Hormats, Vice Chairman of Goldman Sachs International Example: US 9

Claim 4: Globalization benefits everyone Globalization should be considered a good or a bad thing? Globalist arguments on globalization Market liberalization: -rising global living standards -economic efficiency -individual freedom -barrier of trade is narrowed down -unprecedented technological progress Ex 1: world trade: => expanding overall global economic output => a wave of productivity=> efficiency and creating million of jobs. 10

Claim 4 (cont) Who exactly is “We”? When market goes too far in dominating society and political out come=> the opportunities and rewards of globalization are spread unequally (gap between rich and poor people). Ex: World bank report: income disparities between nations are widening at a quicker pace than ever before. World bank, World development report 1999/2000 + bottom 25% of humankind live on less than $140 a year(poor) + world’s richest people doubled net worth to more than $1 trillion between 1994 and 1998. 11

Claim 4 (cont) + CEO employed in large corporation was 416 times higher than average worker. + The financial wealth of the top 1% of American households exceeds the combined wealth of the bottom 95%of households. Neoliberal course was successfully preserved by : - Lobbyist in political action committees in US - The low US unemployment rate is masked by hard working condition of poor people. 12

Claim 4 (cont) Group of scientists in United States +The other consequences of economic globalization - Threat to preventing the spread of parasitic diseases in sub Saharan Africa ( low affordability of developing c 0 untry to pay for medicine) - + The result of being deviated from the official portrayal of globalization as benefiting everyone - -Resignation - ending of contract 13

Claim 5: Globalization furthers the spread of democracy in the world Fis rooted in the neoliberal assertion Voting Francis Fukuyama, Johns Hopkins University Hillary Rodham Clintion, US Senator from New York Thomas Friedman, New York Times correspondent and award-winning author 14