ROUND TABLE PART 1 Inclusive society and inclusive

- ROUND TABLE PART 1 Inclusive society and inclusive development: multidisciplinary approach Galym Zhussipbek, Zhanar Nagayeva Suleyman Demirel University, Kaskelen 19/05/2020

1. Definition of concepts 2

? Inclusiveness ? ? ? ? exclusiveness -What is to include and what is to exclude? ✘ -inclusive and exclusive ✘ -inclusiveness and exclusiveness ✘ 3

what is Inclusiveness? ✘ It is opposite of exclusiveness/ to be exclusionary. ✘ to include — to accept/ not to alienate/ to embrace, at least, not to dismiss, not to downgrade, not to discriminate. Searching for the ways to work together/ to live together, maybe not in the same space but not in ghettoes ; ✘ Inclusiveness is about valuing others, not fearing others. 4

what is Exclusiveness? ✘ To exclude — tend to alienate/ to reject/ to downgrade and discriminate. Searching for the ways of not to accept/ not to embrace/ to work separately / to live separately, in ghettos ✘ Exclusiveness is about disvaluing others 5

inclusive education VS exclusive education inclusive education open, accessible to and reachable by all, including disabled, poor, rural, ‘marginalized/disaffected groups etc. exclusive education open, accessible only to particular groups (e. g. Stockholm University is more inclusive than Harvard) e. g. Stockholm University is more inclusive than Harvard 6

inclusive company VS exclusive company inclusive company all eligible regardless of origin, gender, age, race, language, political/ religious etc views can work, be hired exclusive company privileging particular groups/ categories/ classes Amazon or Apple is more inclusive than Gazprom or Kaz. Munay. Gas 7

inclusive institutions VS exclusive institutions inclusive institutions all eligible regardless of origin, gender, age, race, language, political/ religious etc views can take part and be a part exclusive institutions 8

inclusive space VS exclusive space inclusive space open and accessible to all Norwegian natural landscape like forests and lakes is more inclusive than Kapshagay shore or Almaty mountains. exclusive space only for special category, e. g. who paid, or who own, or rented etc E. g. is University (for example, SDU) inclusive public and education space? Why doesn’t yet SDUs campus confirm with the principles of inclusivity for disables people (SDU campus, except some restricted areas, is not equipped); . 9

inclusive economy VS exclusive economy inclusive economy/ economic system or model exclusive economy/ economic system or model e. g. Finnish or Swedish economic system is more inclusive than US why? ) 10

inclusive national identity VS exclusive national identity inclusive national (if understood as ‘civic’) identity exclusive national (if understood as ethnic or tribal) identity Swedish or Dutch national identity is inclusive than Russian or Chinese 11

inclusive religious identity VS exclusive religious identity inclusive religious identity exclusive religious identity to see all those who are beyond a particular saved group to be doomed to hell and try not to sincere communicate is pure exclusivism 12

inclusive society VS exclusive society inclusive society exclusive society …… 13

inclusive development VS exclusive development inclusive development exclusive development …… 14

2. Conceptual Part 15

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Main Ideas of Ajemoglu and Robinson’s [classic] aproach – relative inclusiveness ✘ economic prosperity depends above all on the inclusiveness of economic and political institutions. ✘ Institutions are "inclusive" when many people have a say in political decision-making, as opposed to cases where a small group of people control political institutions and are unwilling to change. ✘ a functioning democratic and pluralistic state guarantees the rule of law. ✘ Inclusive institutions promote economic prosperity because they provide an incentive structure that allows talents and creative ideas to be rewarded. 17

Main Ideas of Ajemoglu and Robinson’s [classic] aproach – relative inclusiveness ✘ "extractive" institutions permit the elite to rule over and exploit others, extracting wealth from those who are not in the elite. ✘ Nations with a history of extractive institutions have not prospered, because entrepreneurs and citizens have less incentive to invest and innovate. One reason is that ruling elites are afraid of creative destruction ( Joseph Schumpeter) the ongoing process of annihilating old and bad institutions while generating new and good ones. ✘ Creative destruction would fabricate new groups which compete for power against ruling elites, who would lose their exclusive access to a country's economic and financial resources. 18

Main Ideas of Ajemoglu and Robinson’s [classic] aproach – relative inclusiveness ✘ Economic growth will change the economic resource distribution and thus affect political institutions. ✘ Therefore, despite the current rapid growth, if China doesn't improve its political inclusiveness, China is expected to collapse like the Soviet Union did in the early 1990 s. 19

J. Gupta & N. Pouw et at. (University of Amsterdam) Inclusive development is about Economic Social Relational [Universal] Inclusiveness 20 Ecological

J. Gupta & N. Pouw et at. (University of Amsterdam) Inclusive development is OR a set of policies aimed at improving the [1] economic & social well-being of [2] all segments of society by maintaining relational inclusiveness and achieving [3] environmental friendliness of [4] (social, economic and political) development models. 21

“ “Inclusive development is development that includes marginalized people, sectors and countries in social, political and economic processes for increased human wellbeing, social and environmental sustainability, and voice and empowerment. ” Gupta, Pouw & Ros-Tonen, 2015 22

relational dimension of inclusiveness ✘ is Win-Win for all condition, it means that betterment of economic & social well-being of any group or category will contribute to the betterment of others’, or betterment of a well-beige particular group/s must not be at the expense of any other group ✘ consider Banking sector, it develops at the expense of all other sectors, and it is a result of neo-liberal capitalism 23

Inclusive development: SOCIAL WELL-BEING RELATIONAL INCLUSIVITY SOCIAL INCLUSIVITY. TO CARE ABOUT NATURE/ ECOLOGY 24 ECONOMIC INCLUSIVITY Development of human rights, including the right to clean environment.

inclusive development In contrast to neoliberalism, inclusive development focuses on Social inclusion Relational development 25 Environment al inclusion

inclusive development does not regard economic growth as an aim in itself, whereas this can be inferred from the concept sustainable development 26

inclusive development is based on the paradigmatic criticism of the anthropocentric world and it calls for the creation of an “eco-centric” world 27

inclusive development emphasizes “inclusive growth of economy”, “inclusive growth of wealth” based on the principles of social justice and the protection of human rights and environment 28

NEO-LIBERALISM or NEO-LIBERAL CAPITALISM One of theories in political economy and economics The most negative description: market fundamentalism and economic social Darwinism The best description - the recipe to get the people and countries prosperous The leading economic approach in capitalism since late 1970 and early 1980 s 29

thanks! Any questions? 30