ROOTS UNSUR KATA AKAR PERTEMUAN 4 DR MAYANG

ROOTS (UNSUR KATA AKAR) PERTEMUAN 4 DR MAYANG ANGGRAINI PRODI MIK, FAKULTAS ILMU-ILMU KESEHATAN

KEMAMPUAN AKHIR YANG DIHARAPKAN 1. Memahami Root sistem organ tubuh, arti istilah medis, menganalisis istilah terkait berbagai sistem organ tubuh

UNSUR KATA ROOTS • ROOT adalah unsur kata dasar dari struktur suatu istilah • Setiap istilah harus memiliki minimum 1 (satu) unsur kata ROOT. • Unsur kata ROOT dibubuhi huruf hidup Combining form. Huruf hidup yang paling umum adalah -o- /o. Contoh: Gastrointestinal Gastr/o – intestin - al. Leiomyoma Lei/o – my – oma Tracheobronchoscopy Trache/o – bronch/o - scopy Cardiomyopathy Cardi/o – my/o – pathy. Mammography Mamm/o-graphy Pleuropneumonia Pleur/o – pneumon – ia

Unsur kata ROOT (Lanjutan-1) Glomerul/o – nephr – itis. Splen/o – megaly Oste/o – chondr/ – osis Arteri/o - graph Pneumon – ia Periton – itis Col - itis Colon/o - tomy Salphyng/o-oophor-ectomy Chole-doch/o-lith-iasis Mening/o-enchephal-itis Oste/o-chondr/o-malacia

ROOT bisa menunjukan sifat karakteristik: bagian-bagian khusus tubuh. Contoh: Karakteristik ROOT Warna chrom chloro hijau cyan erythro xanthos Suhu Kering cryo thermo xeros Arti krom biru merah kuning dingin panas kering Warna, suhu dan Contoh ISTILAH: chromatin (di inti sel) chlorhydria (>> HCL) cyanosis erythrasma (pd. kulit) xanthosis xanthelasma cryosurgery thermolabile xeroderma xeropthalmia

ROOT yang berkaitan dengan BAGIAN TUBUH • Contoh: ROOT BAGIAN TUBUH Thorax dada Psych pikiran Celi, abdomen perut Dactyl jari-jari (tangan, kaki) Chir tangan Ped, pes kaki Or, Stomat mulut Trachel leher Cephal kepala Rachi tulang punggung Contoh ISTILAH: thoracocentesis psychosomatic c(o)eliectasia dactylogram chiropractic pedialgia oral; stomatitis trachelitis (uterus) cephalocele rachitis

ROOT yang berkaitan dengan BAGIAN TUBUH (Lanjutan) ROOT BAGIAN TUBUH Contoh ISTILAH: Lapar Visces perut (bawah) organ dalam perut Myelum sumsum tulang laparotomy visceral viscerotomy myelopathy myelitis haematotherma (vertebrata, burung atau mammalia berdarah panas) Haima, haema darah

ROOT Combining-form yang berarti SUBSTANSI dan KARAKTERISTIK lain-lain. • Contoh: ROOTS Chole. Dacry(o)Glyc/o. Hydr/o. Lip/o. Sial/o. Lith/o. Lei/o- ARTI empedu air mata gula air lipid ludah batu otot polos Contoh ISTILAH cholelithiasis dacryocystitis glycolysis hydronephrose hyperlipidemia sialoadenitis uretrolithiasis leiomyoma

ROOT Combining-form yang berarti SUBSTANSI dan KARATERISTIK lain-lain. (Lanjutan) ROOTS ARTI Contoh ISTILAH Scler/o- keras scleroderma scelorosis Xer/o- kering xeropthalmia xeroderma Rhabd/o- otot s. lintang Salping/o- mirip tuba rhabdomyo-sarcoma rhabdomyoma salpingography salphingitis

ROOT/Combining Form INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (SISTEM KULIT) Contoh: ROOT Bucc/o. Cheil/o. Labi- ARTI pipi bibir Contoh ISTILAH: buccolabial cheilosis palatolabioschisis Derm-, dermat/o- kulit dermatomycoses Fibr/o- serat fiber fibroma Hist/o- jaringan histology

(lanjutan-1) Contoh: ROOT Kerat/o- ARTI jaringan tanduk Contoh ISTILAH: keratomalacia Mast/o-, mamm/o- (payu dara) mammography Onych- kuku onychia Pil/o- rambut pilosis Sarc- daging sarcolemma pemungkus serabut otot.

ROOTS/Combining Form Musculoskeletal System SISTEM OTOT-KERANGKA TULANG Contoh: ROOT Arthr/o Chondr/o. Cleid/o. Cost/o. Gnath/olli- tulang My. Oste/o. Phren- ARTI sendi tulang rawan clavicula iga dagu ilium panggul otot tulang diafragma mind Contoh ISTILAH: arthrophaty chondroitis cleidomastoideus intercostal gnatoschisis iliofemoral , ligament myorrhexis osteoarhtrosis phrenitis phrenesia = encephalitis

ROOT Sacr/o- ARTI sakrum Contoh ISTILAH: sacrococcygeal Spondyl/o- vertebra spondylotomy, spondylitis Ten-, Tend/o-, tenont/o- ten/o- tenosynovitis tendon tendinoplasty (urat)

ROOT/Combining Form Respiratory & Circulatory Systems SISTEM PERNAPASAN dan SIRKULASI Contoh: • ROOT Bronch/o. Laryng/o. Pleur. Pneum. Pulm/o. Pneumat/o- ARTI bronkus laring pleura pneumonia Contoh ISTILAH: bronchopneumonia laryngospasm pleural effusion pulmonitis udara, gas, paru pneumothorax Rhini- Nas/o-hidung rhinorrhea Trachetrakea tracheitis Angi/o-; vaspembuluh darah angioma Vas pembuluh, saluran vasectomy

ROOT/Combining Form Respiratory & Circulatory Systems (Lanjutan-2) Contoh: • ROOT Arteri/o. Phleb-, ven Cardi-, cardi/o. Thromb/othrombus Embolic Aveoli Bronchioli ARTI arteri vena jantung Contoh ISTILAH: arteriectasia phlebotomy cardiologist trombus embolus alveolus bronchiolus thrombogenic embolectomy alveolitis bronchiolitis

ROOTS /Combining Form Hemic, Lymphatic. Endocrine & Nervus Systems SISTEM DARAH, LIMFATIK, ENDOKRIN & SARAF Contoh: ROOT Aden. Hem-, hema-, hemohemat-a(o)Lien-, Splen. Lymph. Plasm. Adren/o. Thyr/o- ARTI kelenjar Contoh ISTILAH: fibroadenoma hemolysis darah hematemesis limpa lienitis, splenomegaly limfe lymphoma plasmacytosis neuropathy kelenjar adrenal gland kelenjar gondok thyrotoxicosis

ROOTS /Combining Form Hemic, Lymphatic, Endocrine & Nervus Systems (Lanjutan) SISTEM DARAH, LIMFATIK, ENDOKRIN & SARAF Contoh: ROOT Encephal/o. Mening. Myel. Neur. Gingiv. Hepat. Pyl/o. Ile- ARTI Contoh ISTILAH: otak encephalopathy otak & spinal cord meningitis sumsum tulang myeloma nerves, saraf. neuralgia, gusi gingivectomy hati hepatoma pyle (gate) pylepblebitis pylorus (GI tract. ) ileum ileocecal ileus

ROOTS/Combining Form Digestive System SISTEM DIGESTIF (Pencernaan). Contoh: ROOT Dent-, Denta-, Denti, Dent/o-, Odont/o. Enter. Gastr/o. Lingu/o-, Gloss. Or-, Os-, Stoma Pharyng. Proct. Pylor/o. Sial. Duoden/o. Colon ARTI gigi Contoh ISTILAH: dentist usus; lambung lidah mulut faring rectum pilorus ludah usus 12 jari usus besar orthodontia denture enterocolitis gastroduodenitis glossitis oral, stomatitis rhinopharyngitis proctoplasty pilorospasm sialolithiasis duodenitis colitis

ROOTS/Combining Form Urogenital System SISTEM KEMIH KELAMIN Contoh: ROOT ARTI Contoh ISTILAH Balan/o. Colp/o. Cyst-, Cysti. Cyst/o. Episi/o. Hyster/o-, Metr/o. Nephr/o-, Ren glans penis vagina balanorrhagia colpopexy kandung kemih cystitis, cystadenoma vulva vulvitis uterus hysterectomy, metritis ginjal nephrolithiasis

ROOTS/Combining Form Eye (MATA ) Contoh: ROOT Blepharo. Core. Conjunctiv. Irid. Kerato. Retin. Phaco. Oculo-; Ophthalmo- ARTI kelopak mata pupil mata konjungtiva iris mata kornea mata retina mata lensa Contoh ISTILAH: blepharoptosis corectasia conjunctivitis iridocyclitis keratomalacia retinitis phacoemulsification mata oculist, ophthalmologist

ROOTS/Combining Form Ear (TELINGA) Contoh: ROOT Ot- ARTI telinga Contoh ISTILAH: otalgia, otorrhea otitis, macrotia telinga bagian auricle eksternal auricula audiometry gendang telinga Tympanoplasty Tympanitis Auricul/oauris; aurist Tympan/o- Paracentesis - centesis para- Istilah umum sebutan penusukan untuk mengeluarkan cairan (edem) dari suatu rongga

PRAKTEK 1 ANALISIS ISTILAH TINDAKAN Aden – ectomy = Thorac/o-tomy = Electr/o – encephal/o – gram = Nephr/o-tomy = Gastr/o – scopy, = Bronch/o-scopy = Rhin/o – tomy = Rhin/o-plasty = Ophthalm/o – scope = Mast-ectomy = Ureter – ectomy = Crani – o – tomy =

ANALISIS ISTILAH TINDAKAN (lanjutan-1) Electro – encephal/o – graph = ECG/EKG = Nephro – pexy = EMG = Ultra – son/o – graphy/USG = Chole – cyst – ectomy = MRI = Hepat/o–chol–angi/o–duoden-o-stomy = Radiography = Append-ectomy = Gingiv-ectomy = Lymph-angi-o-gram =

ANALISIS ISTILAH TINDAKAN (lanjutan-2) • • • Cheil – o – stomato – plasty = Chole–cyst–o-jejun-o-stomy = Chole-cyst-o-lith-iasis = Duoden-o-chole-doch-o-tomy= Enter-o-anastomosis = Enter-o-clysis = Duoden-o-rrhaphy = Gloss-o-rrhaphy = Herni-o-rrhaphy = Sial-o-doch-o-plasty = Pylor-o-my-o-tomy =

ANALISIS ISTILAH TINDAKAN (Lanjutan-3) • • • Cyst-o-urethr–o-gram Nephro-lith-o-tomy Nephro-tomo-graphy Echo-cardi-o-graphy Ven-o-tomy Ton/o-metry Electro – encephal/o – graphy Proct/o-plasty Endo-scopy Laparo-tomy Laparo-scopy Colo-stomy = = =

PRAKTEK 2 Analisis istilah diagnoses, dibawah ini: Bronch-o-pneumon-ia = Bronch-itis = Bronchi-ectasis = My-o-cardi-o-pathy = Mening-o-encephal-itis = Arther-o-scelr-osis = Gastr-o-enter-itis = Chondro-sarc-oma = Chole-cyst-ectasia = Cholangi-o-hepat-oma = Oesophag-it is = Myel-o-mening-o-cele =

ANALISIS ISTILAH DIAGNOSES (Lanjutan-1) Pharyng-itis Pharyng-o-tonsill-itis Pharyng-o-pleg-ia Rhino-pharyng-itis Rhino-rrhea Photo-dermat-itis Phleb-o-thromb-osis Pneumo-hem-o-peri-cardium Pneumo-hydr-o-thorax Spongi-o-neur-o-blast-oma Pneumo-coni-osis Spondyl-o-pathy = = =

ANALISIS ISTILAH DIAGNOSES (Lanjutan-2) Mening-itis Glomerul-o-nephr-itis Mening-i-oma Osteo-chondr-osis Laryng-o-spasm Bronchiol- itis Rhin-itis Tonsillo-pharyng-itis Adenoid Sialo-lith-iasis = = = = =

PRAKTEK 3 Ejaan kata/istilah yang mirip, dibawah ini: 1. (a) il’e. um = (b) il’i-um = 2. (a) hep”a. to’ma = (b) he”ma. to’oma = 3. (a) u’re. thri’tis (b) u. re”ter. i’tis = = 4. (a) (b) = = = 5. 6. mucus mycose perenteral parenteral arthropathy arteriopathy

EJAAN KATA/ISTILAH y. ANG MIRIP (Lanjutan-1) 6. (a) my. o’ma (b) my”e. lo’ma = = 8. (a) eryhtema (b) erythrasma = = 9. (a) ma. la’ci. a (b) ma. laise 10. (a) nucleus (b) nucleolus 11. (a) em”py. e’ma (b) em”phy. se’ma 12. (a) aphakia (b) aphagia = = = =

Contoh Penulisan Istilah Dalam Bahasa Indonesia • • Torax foto (Thorax X-ray photo) Ketuban pecah dini (KPD) (Premature membrane rupture) Disproporsi kepala panggul (CPD) Cephalopelvic disproportion KET (kehamilan ekstra tubal) (Extra-uterine graviditas) Plasenta lepas dini (Abruption, ablation placentae) Plasenta letak rendah (plancenta previa) Demam tifoid (typhoid fever) Demam tifus (typhus fever)

Contoh Penulisan Istilah Dalam Bahasa Indonesia (Lanjutan) • • • DBD (demam berdarahan dengue) dengue haemorrhagic fever. TB (tuberculosis) MCI (myocard infarction) (infark miokard) Terpajan (exsposure) Keracunan (poisoning, intoxication) Wasir (hemorrhoid, bisa internal bisa eksternal) Muntah-ber (gastroenteritis, bisa infeksi bisa noninfeksi) Flu burung (avian flu) Tahi lalat, tanda lahir (nevus nevi) Flu (influenza) Demam selesma (common cold)

Contoh Istilah Tindakan Medis-Operasi Tonsillectomy Cardiectomy Appendectomy Catherization Colonostomy bypass(CPB) Cardiopulonary Gastrectomy Hydrotherapy Gastroduodenectomy Haemodialysis (HD) Colonoplasty Hypodermic = = = =

Contoh Istilah Tindakan Medis-Operasi (Lanjutan) Debridement = Nasogastric tube (NGT) = Endoscope = Bronchoscope = Endoscopy = Colonoscopy = Electrocardiogram (ECG) = Electroencephalography (EEG) = Ultrasonography (USG) = Computerised Axial Tomography (CAT) = Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) =

PRAKTEK 4 TULIS SEBUTAN ISTILAH MEDIS TINDAKAN DI BAWAH INI: 1. Operasi pengangkatan lambung = 2. Operasi pengangkatan ginjal = 3. Operasi pengangkatan hati = 4. Operasi pengangkatan jantung = 5. Rekam gambar listerik otot jantung = 6. Rekam gambar listrik sel otak = 7, Instrument pembuat rekam gambar litsrik otot gerak = 8. Teknik pembuatan rekam gambar dengan sinar Ro =

PRAKTEK 4 (Lanjutan) 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Penusukan dinding dada untuk megeluarkan cairan = Penusukan genderang telinga = Pembuatan lobang keluar baru usus besar = Operasi plastik hidung = Teknik pembuatan rekam gambar dengan gelombang suara = Tindakan menusuk genderang telinga = Tindakan menusuk rongga dada untuk mengeluarkan cairan = Tindakan menusuk persendian untuk mengeluarkan cairan =

Contoh Istilah Simtoma/Gejala sakit Fever, febril Cough Epistaxis Cephalgia Tremor Meningismus Dysuria Haematuria Retrograde amnesia Cyanosis Hyperaesthesia Lymphadenopathy = = =

Contoh Istilah Simtoma/Gejala sakit (Lanjutan) Dysphagia Hyperhidrosis Ascites Acute abdomen Haemoptysis Hiccough Tachycardia Bradycardia Somnolence Stupor Coma = = =

Contoh Istilah Simtoma/Gejala sakit Malaise Cephalgia. Cephalalgia Hematuri Syncopia Diarrhoea/Diarrhea Epigastric pain Ptechea Tenesmus Polyuria Nervousness Hallucination Aphonia FUO = = = =

Beberapa Istilah Penyakit Infeksi Inflammation Chill Sepsis Septicaemia Infection Infestation Hyperthermia Pyrexia, hyperpyrexia Bacterial Bacteremia Viral Virulent Toxoplasmosis Leptospirosis = = = =

Beberapa Istilah Penyakit Infeksi (Lanjutan) Toxemia = Toxic shock syndrome = Dermatophytosis = Histoplasmosis = Helminthiases = Pediculosis = Herpes zoster = Varicella = Morbili/measle = Mump/Parotitis = TB = [Morbus Hansen] Leprosy = Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome [AIDS] =

PRAKTEK 5 TULIS SEBUTAN PENYAKIT/GANGGUAN DI BAWAH INI: Istilah radang adalah -itis 1. Radang otak = 2. Radang selaput otak = 3. Radang selaput dan jaringan otak = 4. Radang retina mata = 5. Radang kelopak mata = 6. Radang konjungtiva mata = 7. Radang sinus hidung = 8. Radang hidung dan tenggorokan = 9. Radang kerongkongan = 10. Radang lambung dan usus 12 jari = 11. Radang hati =