Roots Stems Leaves Growth Meristems only plant tissue

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Roots, Stems, & Leaves

Roots, Stems, & Leaves

Growth � Meristems: only plant tissue that produces new cells by mitosis ◦ Apical

Growth � Meristems: only plant tissue that produces new cells by mitosis ◦ Apical meristem: at plant root or tip � Primary Growth: root and shoot tips � Secondary Growth: increase in width � Differentiation: cells develop into mature cells with specialized structures and functions

Plant Organs & Tissues � Organs: roots, stems, & leaves Tissues � Dermal: outer

Plant Organs & Tissues � Organs: roots, stems, & leaves Tissues � Dermal: outer covering � Vascular: transport system ◦ Xylem: water ◦ Phloem: food � Ground: cells between dermal & vascular

Roots � Function ◦ Anchor ◦ Absorb water & nutrients ◦ Protect against soil

Roots � Function ◦ Anchor ◦ Absorb water & nutrients ◦ Protect against soil bacteria and fungi � Types ◦ Taproot: dicots, reach water and store starches; carrots ◦ Fibrous Root: monocots, prevent erosion of topsoil; grass

Taproot Fibrous Root

Taproot Fibrous Root

Stems � Functions ◦ Produce leaves, branches, & flowers ◦ Hold leaves up to

Stems � Functions ◦ Produce leaves, branches, & flowers ◦ Hold leaves up to sunlight ◦ Transport between roots & leaves � Monocot: vascular bundles are scattered � Dicot: vascular bundles are around the edges

Monocot Dicot

Monocot Dicot

Stems Wood: xylem ◦ Heartwood: in center; inactive; darker ◦ Sapwood: active in fluid

Stems Wood: xylem ◦ Heartwood: in center; inactive; darker ◦ Sapwood: active in fluid transport; lighter Bark: phloem

Leaves Functions: ◦ Photosynthesis ◦ Transpiration: loss of water through leaves ◦ Gas Exchange:

Leaves Functions: ◦ Photosynthesis ◦ Transpiration: loss of water through leaves ◦ Gas Exchange: O 2 & CO 2 Stomata: pore allowing gas exchange Guard Cell: control the opening and closing of stomata

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