Roots of the Cold War 1 Cold War

Roots of the Cold War: 1. Cold War __________ competition between US and Soviet Union (USSR) for control and influence in world a. US = Capitalist/Democracy i. b. NATO ___________: North Atlantic Treaty Organization = Military alliance between these founding countries below (The U. S. and their friends…) USSR = Communist/Dictatorship i. Warsaw Pact Military alliance between Albania, ___________: Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union

Capitalism vs. Communism?

Europe after WWII…

View of Rotterdam after German bombing during the Western Campaign. Rotterdam, the Netherlands, May 1940. Today, Rotterdam is one of the world’s busiest seaports.

Western governments funded large infrastructure projects during this period. Here the redevelopment of Norrmalm and the Stockholm Metro, Sweden.

Why is it in America’s best interest to help rebuild Europe? What’s in it for them?

The Marshall Plan The United States, as well as much of Europe, had allied with the Russians in order to defeat Hitler and the Germans. However, now they were worried about the Russians and the spread of communism. If Western Europe did not rebuild and grow strong quickly, it may soon fall to communism. Fortunately, the land of the United States had been free of war and devastation. The US economy was doing well, making the United States the richest country in the world. They wanted to help Europe and their allies recover from the War. In order to help Europe recover from the war, the United States came up with the Marshall Plan. It is named after Secretary of State George Marshall who was appointed by President Truman to be the architect of the plan. The Marshall Plan offered help and finances to European countries in order to recover from World War II.

Success! By the time the Marshall Plan funding ended, all of the countries that participated had larger economies and were stronger than before the war. The plan was successful in helping Western Europe recover economically from the war. Interesting Facts v George Marshall was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953 for the Marshall Plan. v The Marshall Plan helped with supplies for factories. For example, the plan supplied carbon black to a tire plant in England, keeping the plant open and 10, 000 workers with jobs. v The US also helped to improve technology and manufacturing techniques in a number of European countries. v Winston Churchill said that the Marshall Plan was "the most unsordid (noble) act in history". v Japan was not a part of the Marshall Plan, but did receive US economic aid through other programs. v The US also offered assistance to Russia and its allies, however, they turned it down.

Marshall Plan 2. ________________: US loans nations $ (to rebuild after WWII) a. Must use $ to buy American products

Iron Curtain : Winston Churchill’s term to 3. _________ describe the border b/w the Soviet states and Western Europe. “An iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of … Central and Eastern Europe. . The Communist parties, which were very mall in all these Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. ” -“Iron Curtain” speech, Winston Churchill, March 5, 1946

Truman Doctrine 4. ___________: President’s promise to aid nations struggling against communism revolutions Domino Theory 5. ___________: Fear that if 1 country falls to communism, others will follow Containment policy to stop the spread of 6. ___________: communism to other countries (afraid it will spread like a virus)

TIME OUT!: Can you answer these? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What was the goal of the Marshall Plan? 6. Which nations were the first to be aided through the Truman Doctrine? 7. 8. What is containment? What part of the world was it designed to aid? Why was the Marshall Plan important in post-war Europe? What is the Truman Doctrine? What was going on in Greece and Turkey that caused President Truman to propose the Truman Doctrine? Why did the government believe containment would work?

RED=COMMUNIST! The Chinese Revolution of 1949: On October 1, 1949, Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) SOUTH KOREA= CAN THEY FIGHT IT?

Hello, Communist Stalin? Can you send us some weapons and money to make our southern region agree to communism? ? I’d be commie to…urrr, I mean happy to!

Hot Zones in a Cold War Korea Peninsula • Divided along 38 th Parallel ______ after WWII • USSR controls north (Communist) • U. S. controls south (Democracy) • North (supplied by Soviets) invades South • South (supplied by UN) invades North Stalemate • _______ at 38 th Parallel Both sides were willing to accept a ceasefire that maintained the pre-war 38 th parallel boundary

China is North Korea’s ally and they are RIGHT NEXT TO THEM!!!!!!! Not good for U. S. Can’t get supplies to troops fast enough.

TIME OUT!: Can you answer these? 9. What nation became communist in 1949? 10. What impact did this have on the U. S. ? 11. What happened to the peninsula of Korea after WWII? 12. What was the outcome of the Korean War? 13. What role did geography play in the Korean War?

2. Cuba (90 miles from U. S. !) a. Cuban Revolution Fidel Castro overthrows _________: gov’t and est. communist state in 1959 b. Castro enters alliance with Soviet Union

2. Cuba (90 miles from U. S. !) Bay of Pigs Invasion c. ___________ : CIA plans and funds invasion by armed Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro Hope locals will join in!!! …BUT, they never make it ashore…US loses respect…huge disaster http: //www. history. com/topics/cold-war/cuban-missilecrisis/videos/bay-of-pigs-cias-perfectfailure? m=528 e 394 da 93 ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

• Even though the missiles were removed, the American people were terrified of nuclear war so close to home and became even more threatened by the spread of Communism (Red Scare)

Cuban Missile Crisis c. ______________: 1962: Soviets set up nuclear missile sites in Cuba i. US established a naval blockade between Cuba and the U. S. ii. JFK delivers ultimatum iii. World on the BRINK of nuclear war… Soviets remove weapons before the U. S. invades

*Political Cartoon* https: //www. yout ube. com/watch? v =Qt. DAQB 1 s. A 9 k

TIME OUT!: Can you answer these? 14. What happened in Cuba in 1959? 15. What actions did Fidel Castro take which angered many Americans? 16. What was the Bay of Pigs invasion? 17. What role did geography play in the Bay of Pigs invasion? (think of why geography made Cuba important to the US) 18. Was it successful? 19. What was the Cuban Missile Crisis? 20. What nation came to the aid of Cuba? Why? 21. How did President Kennedy try to prevent Soviet intervention? 22. What role did geography play in the Cuban Missile Crisis? 23. What was the outcome of the Crisis? 24. How did the Cuban Missile Crisis impact US society?

TIME OUT!: Can you answer these? 33. What was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution? 34. What role did geography play in the Vietnam War? 35. What was the Tet Offensive? 36. Why did Americans oppose the Vietnam War?

http: //www. history. com/topi cs/cold-war/cuban-missilecrisis/videos/vietnam? m=5 28 e 394 da 93 ae&s=undefin ed&f=1&free=false

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=IPPa. ZU 18 r. Ug

3. Vietnam War a. b. c. Divided after WWII (Communist north, “Democratic” South) Viet Cong = South ______ Vietnamese guerilla fighters aided by the Communist North Gulf of Tonkin Resolution __________: promise to give increased aid to Asian nations threatened by Communism, gave LBJ war powers without involving Congress

Buddhist monk sets himself on fire on the streets of Saigon, Vietnam June 11, 1963. He is protesting the persecution of Buddhists by the government by performing a ritual suicide of self immolation. They believe in reincarnation so death is just a stage of one life.

Tet Offensive d. _______: Turning point of war, U. S. military realizes it will not be over quickly, North Vietnam not giving up public opinion changes to be against the war

Photo of a Saigon Police Chief executing a Viet Cong (U. S. enemy) Captain **Brutality makes Americans question their involvement**