Roof Design Topics of Discussions Roof types Roof

Topics of Discussions • • • Roof types Roof construction terms Slope vs. Pitch

Basic Shapes • • Gable Roof Hip Roof Flat Roof Shed Roof Gambrel Roof

Basic Shape • Gable Roof – Slopes in from two sides – Gable ends

Basic Shape • Hip Roof – Slopes in from all four sides – No

Basic Shape • Flat Roof – Requires a built-up roof – Slight slope of

Basic Shape • Shed Roof – 3/12 or more slope – Can be shingled

Basic Shape • Gambrel Roof – Two slopes from two sides – Traditional “Barn”

Basic Shape • Mansard Roof – Two slopes from two sides – Top nearly

Basic Shape • A-frame Roof – Steep for snow country – Roof and ceiling

Roof Construction • Basic terms: – slope/pitch--incline of roof – roof member terms--structure of

Slope Vs. Pitch • Slope = Rise/Run – expressed as a ratio – always

Roof Terms • Span – Distance across the building

Roof Terms • Run – 1/2 the distance across the building (1/2 span distance)

Roof Terms • Rise – The distance the roof rises (distance from the square

$Roof Terms • Pitch – The fraction of the rise over span$

Roof Terms • Slope – Slope is stated as a ratio of rise over

Slope vs Pitch vs Angle • • • Slope 3: 12 4: 12 5:

Metal Framing Connectors • Keeps structural members from separating

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Roof Design

Topics of Discussions • • • Roof types Roof construction terms Slope vs. Pitch Roof terminology Metal framing connectors Roof ventilation

Basic Shapes • • Gable Roof Hip Roof Flat Roof Shed Roof Gambrel Roof Mansard Roof A-Frame Roof

Basic Shape • Gable Roof – Slopes in from two sides – Gable ends allow for attic venting

Basic Shape • Hip Roof – Slopes in from all four sides – No gable ends for vent attic

Basic Shape • Flat Roof – Requires a built-up roof – Slight slope of 1/4” to 12” helps drainage –

Basic Shape • Shed Roof – 3/12 or more slope – Can be shingled – Economical like flat roof

Basic Shape • Gambrel Roof – Two slopes from two sides – Traditional “Barn” shape – 2 nd story under roof

Basic Shape • Mansard Roof – Two slopes from two sides – Top nearly flat – 2 nd story within the roof area

Basic Shape • A-frame Roof – Steep for snow country – Roof and ceiling same structure

Roof Construction • Basic terms: – slope/pitch--incline of roof – roof member terms--structure of roof – eave/cornice--detail showing wall to roof const – fascia--visible member attached to end of rafters – ridge--top of roof – sheathing--material covering the top of rafters – rafter/ceiling joist--structure framing of roof – soffit--underneath side of roof overhang – vents--in soffit, allows air circulation in attic

Slope Vs. Pitch • Slope = Rise/Run – expressed as a ratio – always a base of 12 – placed on dwg. 12 4 • Pitch = Rise/Span • expressed as fraction • reduce to smallest fraction • not placed on drawing, helpful to carpenter Text book error (noted as pitch symbol) Slope symbol

Roof Terms • Span – Distance across the building

Roof Terms • Run – 1/2 the distance across the building (1/2 span distance)

Roof Terms • Rise – The distance the roof rises (distance from the square of house to ridge)

$Roof Terms • Pitch – The fraction of the rise over span$

Roof Terms • Pitch – The fraction of the rise over span

Roof Terms • Slope – Slope is stated as a ratio of rise over run with run always as 12

Slope vs Pitch vs Angle • • • Slope 3: 12 4: 12 5: 12 6: 12 Pitch 1/8 1/6 5/24 1/4 Angle 14° 0’ 0” 18° 30’ 22° 30’ 26° 30’

Roof Member Terminology

Metal Framing Connectors • Keeps structural members from separating