Rome History Cultural diffusion A process in which

Rome History

Cultural diffusion: A process in which a new idea or product spreads from one culture to another.

Today’s Topic The Virtuous Republic

Today’s Objective: • SW explain events of early Roman civilization.

Essential Question: • How did Roman civilization impact today’s society?

What is this?

The Beginnings of Rome! • The Myth behind the creation of Rome. • 753 b. c. - Twin brothers Romulus and Remus. Romulus kills Remus. Rome is named after him. • 3 civilization inhabited the region. • Latins- Original inhabitants of Rome. • Greeks- Southern Italy • Etruscans- Northern Italy • The era of the Seven Kings: • Tarquin the Proud is driven from power (509 b. c. ). (Brutus)

The Beginnings of a Republic • Republic? • A form of government in which power rest with a selected few citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders & political issues. Patricians- Wealthy landowners who owned most of the power. Plebeians- The common farmers (Majority of the citizens) • What was the structure of Rome government? • Consuls-Two officials that one in charge of army, the other in charge of government (1 year). • One consul from the Patrician and one from Plebeians. • Senate- wealthy aristocracy consisting of 300 members elected by 1 st patricians then later plebeians. • Dictator- In times of crisis they would elect one person to be in charge of everything (6 months). • Rome invented the 3 branch system (checks & balances): • What is the 3 branch system today?

The “Virtuous Republic” 1. Govt. gets its authority from the citizens. 2. A selfless, educated rulers. Glory comes from humility. 3. Elections should be frequent, no political careers. 4. Govt. ’s power should be limited

A Virtuous Republic • As soon as the Republic was formed Etruscans attacked led by Tarquin the Proud. • Leaders and heroes of the war set the precedents for a Virtuous Republic. • Lucius Cincinnatus: Was consul and Dictator twice. Became a symbol of a true model of civic virtue. • 12 tablets. (Roman’s Constitution): • Roman’s Law is considered one of the greatest lasting impacts the Roman Civ. to western society. • All citizens had rights to protection under law. • Innocent until proven guilty.

Rome Grows in Power • (265 b. c. ) Rome defeats the Etruscan to the North and the Greeks to the south. • Rome's lenient stance towards enemies helped build a long lasting empire. (Punic Wars) • Rome’s growth was a slow process over hundreds of years. • How can a slow growth be an advantages?

Exit Slip: • Title in your notes a section called “Reading Activity” read page 178 -179 Write at least two things for each subject below. • Roman Arts • Learning/Literature

Bell Ringer Quiz: • What two brothers founded Rome? • What is the other name for Rom’s check & balance system form of government? • Explain the concept of a Victorious Republic:

Essential Questions: • How does ancient Roman civilization impact today’s society?

The Death of the Republic Today’s Topic:

Punic Wars:

The Battle for Dominance (Punic Wars (264 – 146 b. c. ) • 1 st Punic Wars: Conflict over Sicily • Hamilcar: A Carthage general who succeeded fighting against the Roman’s in Sicily using guerilla warfare.

The Haunting of Hannibal!

The Battle for Dominance (Punic Wars (264 – 146 b. c. ) • 1 st Punic Wars: Conflict over Sicily • Hamilcar: A Carthage general who succeeded fighting against the Roman’s in Sicily using guerilla warfare. • 2 nd Punic Wars: Roman’s fight for survival Hannibal- (29 years old) A brilliant military leader fights against Rome. The battles of Cannae and Lake Trasimene are considered the greatest military defeats in Roman history and Hannibal's greatest victories. (Military generals still study these battles today). Quintus Fabius Maximus: Helped prevent certain Roman defeat by creating a new strategy called “Fabien Tactics. ” George Washington used these tactics in the Revolutionary War. Scipio- Attacks Carthage, changes the momentum of the War. Rome becomes the world power.

Rome’s Civil War: Marius vs Sulla

The Battle for Rome’s Soul • Cato (The Virtuous): Triumvirate: group of three sharingman. control of Republic) • A revered senator. AWas considered theleaders perfect virtuous (Virtuous • Cicero (The Politician): the government. • Considered one of the greatest writers/orators in Roman history. (Crassus, Pompey, Caesar) • Marcus Crassus (The Banker): • The wealthiest man in Rome. Shrewd businessman and politician. Defeated Spartacus • Pompey the Great (The Conqueror): • The most popular: Gained popularity through military victories in Greece, Jerusalem & Asia. • Julius Caesar (The Genius): • A young ambitious politician & leader of a young counterculture. (Populist)

The Gaul Wars

Pompey vs Caesar • Julius Caesar (60 b. c. )- After defying all the Senates and Roman Law while Consul, he avoids persecution by becoming governor of N. Italy. • Goes on a military conquest to conquer the barbarian Gaul's. (10 years) • First Roman General to cross the Rhine & enter in to Britain. Becomes a Military and Roman hero. • Pompey & senate ordered Julius to disbanded his army and return home. • Julius Caesar defeats Pompey • Becomes absolute ruler of Rome and dictator for life.

The Greatest Empire? Today’s Topic:

Essential Question: • How does Rome impact today’s society?

The First True Emperor 2 nd Triumvirate (Octavian, Mark Anthony, Marcus Aemilius) • After working together for several years Octavian and Mark Anthony fight for power. • Octavian “Augustus”- Defeats Mark Anthony with help of his most trusted friend Agrippa. • Becomes Rome’s next dictator for life and first Emperor. • Accomplishments of Augustus (40 year reign): • Stabilized Rome’s society once again. • Gave power back to the Senate • Beautified Rome. “Before him Rome was a city of brick after him a city of marble. ” • Rome explodes in wealth and power.

Rome Prospers with an Emperor • After Augustus Rome gets a stretch of bad Emperors. • Tiberius, Caligula, Nero, Vespasian and many more Emperors nearly bankrupted Rome and collapsed the empire. • The 5 Good Emperors • Nerva: The Great Stabilizer. • Trajan: The Great Conquer • Hadrian: The Great Pragmatist • Antonius Pius: The Virtuous Republican • Marcus Aurelius: The Emperor Philosopher • Commodus, The Emperor who forever changes Rome. The beginning of the end.

Pax Romana • The Five Good Emperors brings on Pax Romana or Roman Peace. • Between 60 to 80 million people were under Roman rule. • Stabalized the kingdom with effective government Reward Challenge: Write and a law. • Pax Romana allows trade to explode. definition for Pax Romana • Had a universal coinage known as denarius. Help? • Controlled all the Mediterranean. Help? • Built a complex network of roads. Help?

Roman Gladiators

Partner Activity: The Coliseum • Answer the Connect to Today portion on page 182.

Roman Art

Circus Maximus

Partner Activity: Life in Rome • Answer the Connect to today portion on page 167.

Aqueducts

The Decline into Darkness

Essential Question: • In what ways does Rome impact today’s society?

Romans Become Christians. • Constantine obtains power over Rome (313 a. d. ). • He announced the end to the persecution of Christians. • The creation of Nicaea (325 a. d. ). • The Council of Nicaea. (creates the Nicene Creed. ) • Unifies the doctrine of Christianity. • Constantine moves Rome's capital to Constantinople. (Istanbul) • Splits & weakened Roman Empire

Primary Reading: Fall of Rome • Answer Document Based Questions on page 177.

The Fall of the Mighty Empire: • After Marcus Aurelius (161 -180 a. d. ) Rome get a stretch of bad rulers. • The dividing of Rome. • Constantinople (East and wealthiest part) • Rome (West). • Hiring of mercenaries • End of Roman Virtue. • The attacking of outside invasions. • The Huns: Attila the Hun. • Turn to page 177 • Answer the 3 questions at the bottom.

Attila “The Scourge of Rome”

Rome and their effects on Western Society. • Spread Greek and Roman teaching to much farther areas. • Greco-Roman Culture- is a mixture of Greek and Hellenistic to form Roman cultures. • Latin Language. • Religion. • Architecture: • Entertainment: • Education: • Roman System of Law: • Government: • Military Strategies (157):