ROMANIA CAROL I NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY THE DEVELOPMENT

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY THE DEVELOPMENT OF UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS, DECISIVE FACTOR IN TRANSFORMING THE MILITARY TACTICS OF THE 21 st CENTURY Ph. D. eng. Laurentiu POPESCU Ph. D. Traian ANASTASIEI 1 Ph. D. Marius SERBESZKI

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY “zero losses” philosophy Remote controlled systems offer : less expensive less vulnerable less hazardous alternative to the lives of the combatants 2

ROMANIA MISSIONS : “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY target designating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles UAVs airlift air reconnaissance surface targets attack other actions in the electromagnetic spectrum. 3

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY The air reconnaissance carried on by UAVs provides : determining its characteristics and working parameters searching and identifying a target, continuous surveillance 4

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY Gulf War 5

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY “We need for unmanned aircraft to act like manned aircraft. We need unmanned aircraft to be tasked like manned aircraft. We need unmanned aircraft to fly in strike packages with manned aircraft. We need to refuel them in the air. We should be capable of flying both manned and unmanned platforms together, to include multiple unmanned airframes General William controlled by one operator. And we need T. Hobbins, USAF, commanders to have the confidence that NATO’s CC-Air unmanned or manned, it doesn’t make a Ramstein, JAPCC difference, as they are equally effective” Director - JAPCC Conference October, 18 th, 2006 6

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom twenty types of UAVs more than 100, 000 flight hours 7

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY ? 8

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY dull UAVs can perform missions dirty 9 dangerous

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY dull B 2 UAV solution Kosovo conflict (1999) 10

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY dirty After 1990 U-2 R NBC areas contaminated UAV solution 11

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY Worl War II dangerous UAV solution Air reconnaissance missions in Northern Africa - 25 % of its pilots lost Germany - 5 % of its pilots lost 12

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY BQM-74 , , D 21 Shunk. Works” (on SR-71) 13

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY 14

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY 203 types 800 platforms 2, 900 platforms In the world are 550 UAVs systems 15

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY ? ? ? ? ? ? 16 ?

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY Which are the military requirements for a UAV system? What types of microchips, communication platforms and sensors they need? When these systems will be operational? How they will be integrated in the command control systems? How safe is their use? 17

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY - Conference of the National Armaments Directors (CNAD), - Joint Capabilities Group for UAVs (JCGUAV), - NATO Standardization Agency’s Joint UAV Panel, - Operational Research Division of the NATO Consultation Command Control Agency, - FINAS (Flight in Non-Segregated Air Space), - JAPCC’s UAS Project Team. 18

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY BELGIUM CANADA CZECH REPUBLIC FRANCE GERMANY GREECE HUNGARY ITALY THE NETHERLANDS NORWAY POLAND UNITED KINGDOM PORTUGAL ROMANIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 19 SPAIN TURKEY

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY Missions System (Hard- & Software) UAS Flight Plan System Integration UAV C 2 Architecture (HALE, MALE, Tactical) Payloads (ACCS, CAOCs, Bi-SCAIS) Air Space Management (Weapons, Sensors, Cargo, Communication Eq. ) (Airworthiness, FINAS, Sens & Avoid, Procedures) Ground Equipment Mission Planning & Tasking (Ground Control Station, Analysis Equipment, Maintenance Equipment, Logistics & Supports, Launch & Recovery System, Infrastructure (Base of Operation)) (Air, Maritime, Land) Interoperability (MAJIIC, Link 16, …) Force Development Operators Trainers Analysts Maintenance Exercises & Tasks Frequency Management (…) Concepts, Doctrines & TTPs (Bandwidth, Frequency) (Concepts, Doctrines & TTPs) 20 Commander

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY Missions System (Hard- & Software) UAS Flight Plan System Integration UAV C 2 Architecture (HALE, MALE, Tactical) Payloads (ACCS, CAOCs, Bi-SCAIS) Air Space Management (Weapons, Sensors, Cargo, Communication Eq. ) (Airworthiness, FINAS, Sens & Avoid, Procedures) Ground Equipment Mission Planning & Tasking (Ground Control Station, Analysis Equipment, Maintenance Equipment, Logistics & Supports, Launch & Recovery System, Infrastructure (Base of Operation)) (Air, Maritime, Land) Interoperability (MAJIIC, Link 16, …) Force Development Operators Trainers Analysts Maintenance Exercises & Tasks Frequency Management (…) Concepts, Doctrines & TTPs (Bandwidth, Frequency) (Concepts, Doctrines & TTPs) 21 Commander

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY Missions System (Hard- & Software) UAS Flight Plan System Integration UAV C 2 Architecture (HALE, MALE, Tactical) Payloads (ACCS, CAOCs, Bi-SCAIS) Air Space Management (Weapons, Sensors, Cargo, Communication Eq. ) (Airworthiness, FINAS, Sens & Avoid, Procedures) Ground Equipment Mission Planning & Tasking (Ground Control Station, Analysis Equipment, Maintenance Equipment, Logistics & Supports, Launch & Recovery System, Infrastructure (Base of Operation)) (Air, Maritime, Land) Interoperability (MAJIIC, Link 16, …) Force Development Operators Trainers Analysts Maintenance Exercises & Tasks Frequency Management (…) Concepts, Doctrines & TTPs (Bandwidth, Frequency) (Concepts, Doctrines & TTPs) 22 Commander

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY Missions System (Hard- & Software) UAS Flight Plan System Integration UAV C 2 Architecture (HALE, MALE, Tactical) Payloads (ACCS, CAOCs, Bi-SCAIS) Air Space Management (Weapons, Sensors, Cargo, Communication Eq. ) (Airworthiness, FINAS, Sens & Avoid, Procedures) Ground Equipment Mission Planning & Tasking (Ground Control Station, Analysis Equipment, Maintenance Equipment, Logistics & Supports, Launch & Recovery System, Infrastructure (Base of Operation)) (Air, Maritime, Land) Interoperability (MAJIIC, Link 16, …) Force Development Operators Trainers Analysts Maintenance Exercises & Tasks Frequency Management (…) Concepts, Doctrines & TTPs (Bandwidth, Frequency) (Concepts, Doctrines & TTPs) 23 Commander

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY complex programs : TARANIS (UK) NEURON (France, Greece, Sweden, Swiss, Spain and Italy), BARRACUDA and TAIFUN (Germany) FILUR (Sweden) SKY-X (Italy) X-45 C, X-47 B, CORAX and TAIFUN (US). 24

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY EL-0583 “ISTAR Capabilities at Brigade / Division Level” Objective- 2010 25

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY Nick Witney, first executive director of the European Defence Agency “Different countries admit the fact that the UAVs represent something new and important, thus investing in their respective research programs. Although, if the countries will not cooperate, the final product will not be as good as it could be from the point of view of interoperability and practical utility. Also, the costs will be higher. Our aim is to generate an image to show exactly what happens in Europe”. http: //www. nato. int/docu/review /2005/issue 1/romanian/interview_b. html 26

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY development trends of future UCAVs: (UCAV = Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle) - implementing stealth technologies - producing prototypes which can fly at supersonic speed and extrastratospheric altitudes - air refuelling capabilities - enhancing the UAVs’ endurance by using carrying platforms to the area of operations, - enhancing firepower by minimizing the on-board weapons and munitions - using neuronal networks - implementing new materials for power sources, propulsion systems, payloads etc. 27

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY NEURON. TARANIS BOEING X-45 X-47 PEGASUS 28

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY Electrono – optic (EO) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 29 Moving Target Indicator (MTI)

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY Liddell Hart THANK YOU “The real challenge is not to impose a new idea in the military thinking, but to eliminate the old one” 30

ROMANIA “CAROL I” NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY E-mail : lpopescu@unap. ro 31