Romanesque Art Expansion Economic Revival Build it block

Romanesque Art Expansion & Economic Revival “Build it (block by block) and they will come”

1. The Bayeux Tapestry is a major ____and ____document, not just a decorative embroidery. A. ecological and environmental B. educational and agricultural C. economical and religious D. political and historical

2. The Battle of Hastings showing the Norman conquest of England was portrayed in which of the following? A. the Bayeux Tapestry B. Wiligelmo, Adam and Eve C. The Deposition D. Portable Altar

3. Wiligelmo, Creation and Temptation of Adam and Eve is located in which building? A. Bayeux Cathedral, France B. Stephen’s Cathedral, Italy C. Modena Cathedral, Italy D. Church of Sainte-Foy, France

4. In the Reliquary statue of Sainte- Foy the saint’s oversized head is a reworked A. ancient Egyptian tomb mask B. bronze head from ancient Greece C. ancient Roman parade helmet D. clay head of Constantine

5. Discuss the techniques used to create detail on the Bayeux Tapestry.

Introduction Handout Please annotate the handout. - summarize each paragraph (anything is acceptable from a couple of sentences to one word) - highlight key facts/ vocabulary

Timeline • 1000 – Pilgrimages begin to Santiago d’ Compostela in Spain or St. Peters in Rome • 1054 – Christian Church splits between western and eastern (Roman vs. Orthodox) • 1066 Battles of Hastings (union of England with much of France) • 1095 – 1 st Crusade • 1149 – 2 nd Crusade

Key Ideas • Revitalization of large-scale architecture and sculpture • Pilgrimages to sacred European shrines increase the flow of people and ideas around the continent • Churches develop their apse end to accommodate large crowds of pilgrims – ambulatory • Church portal sculptures show themes of Last Judgment and salvation • Manuscript painting and weaving flourish

Religious Power • Emperors acted divinely • Rulers had authority within the church • Popes and Christian leaders backed rulers

Feudalism • Relationship between lords and peasants • Peasants worked the land, keeping their food • Lords owned the land guaranteed peasants security

Architecture • • • Castles Manor houses Monasteries Cathedrals Contractors oversaw entire production Artists hired to oversee artistic design

Cathedrals • Moved from wood roofs to stone • Stone = heavy walls to support heavy roofs • Small windows = dark interior spaces SOLUTION • Rib vault – Help support the roofs – Channel the stress of its load down to the walls – Allowed more space for windows

https: //www. khanacademy. org/humanities/med ieval-world/latin-westerneurope/romanesque 1/v/the-animated-bayeuxtapestry Bayeux Tapestry video 5 min.

Details the Norman invasion of England Normandy’s King William (William the Conqueror) vs. England’s King Harold the year 1066: Battle of Hastings Bishop Odo Blessing the Feast from the Bayeux Tapestry. height 20” France. C. 1077

• The romanesque paintings of Sant Climent de Taüll church is one of the most important jewels of Catalan Romanesque art and are now presented through an innovative video mapping that recreates the original frescoes in the main apse. The original painting are now preserved in the National Art Museum of Catalonia in Barcelona, MNAC.

(‘Master of Tahull’), Christ Pantocrator • Description: Its genius lies in the way it combines elements from different Biblical visions (Revelation, Isaiah and Ezekiel) to present the Christ of the Day of Judgment.

Christ appears from the background causing a movement outwards from the center of the composition, which is presided by the ornamental sense of the outlines and the skillful use of color to create volume.

• • Painting Circa 1123 Purchased by the Junta de Museus From the church of Saint Climent de Taüll Fresco transferred to canvas

• The Master of Taüll is the name given to this Romanesque mural painter. His manner of articulating space is considered almost perfect. He drew the faces of the figures with great realism and style. Notable is his Christ Pantokrator, painted in a colorful palette of carmine, blue and white. It has been thought that he brought the tools and materials he needed for his work from Italy.

• Since 55 years ago the church had a copy of the originals painted on plaster surface that was degrading. After removing the old copy a meticulous restoration process was realized which uncovered remains of the original paint that had been preserved in the deep layers of the walls of the apse.

1955 -2013 Present State 2013 Original Fragments 1123 Reconstruction

• http: //pantocrator. cat/en/projectes/ • 10 min. • Want more information? Look online, there is a ton more info out there

• St. Stephen's Cathedral is the symbol of Vienna. Construction commenced in the 12 th century. Today, it is one of the most important Gothic structures in Austria.

• St. Stephen's Cathedral has four towers. The tallest of these is the south tower. The tower room, from which there is a gigantic view across Vienna, is reached via 343 steps. A total of 13 bells hang here.

• However, the best-known bell of St. Stephen's Cathedral, the Pummerin, is located in the north tower. It is the second-biggest free-swinging chimed church bell in Europe.

• On the roof of St. Stephen's Cathedral, colorful roof tiles were laid to create the Royal and Imperial double-headed eagle and the coat of arms of the city of Vienna.

• The interior of St. Stephen's Cathedral was changed again and again over the centuries, right through to the Baroque period.

Church of Sainte-Foy Please annotate the handout. - summarize each paragraph (anything is acceptable from a couple of sentences to one word) - highlight/circle/underline key facts and vocabulary

Reliquary Statue of Saint Foy (Saint Faith) for the Abbey Church of Conques, France th 9 Late century, height 33”

Roger of Helmarshausen, Portable Altar At Helmarshausen, Roger was the creator of a portable altar dedicated to Saints Kilian and Liborius. The altar, commissioned by Heinrich of Werl, Bishop of Paderborn, was produced about 1120. It consists of an oak box with a lid and claw feet.

The outer surfaces are partly covered with silver-gilt plates decorated predominantly with niello but also with engraving and repoussé work. Gold filigree and mounted cut stones are also used. At the top, on one side, is a depiction of the Donor with an inscription and the symbols of two Evangelists and, on the other, a portrait of the patron of Paderborn Cathedral, Bishop Meinwerk (reg 1009 -36), also beside Evangelists' symbols.

• The background of each between the lines of script is densely filled with fine arabesques and flat, rhomboid patterns. Also depicted in niello are the Twelve Apostles on the long sides and the Virgin with Sts John and James the Less on the back panel. The front panel is the only surface of the altar with a silver embossed relief, showing Christ in Majesty in a circular filigree aureole embellished with jewels, as well as Sts Kilian and Liborius.

The latter appear again on the bottom of the casket in a splendid drawing on a gilt copperplate. The Apostles on the long sides are masterfully portrayed, individually characterized by a sparse but apt use of line, seen especially in their postures and hair, with all the details executed with care.

Benedetto, Antelami, The Deposition 1178 Marble Duomo, Parma

• The first known work by Antelami is this Deposition on the pulpit of the Cathedral of Parma. Antelami's rigorous and severe style has roots in Provencal sculpture and particularly in the conception of statuary inherited from antiquity. The Virgin, St John, and the Holy Women, standing one behind the other, are clearly set off from the background, and the drapery folds are chiseled into the marble with a precision suggesting the art of the bronze worker or goldsmith.

• Antelami disregards picturesque, anecdotal, or formal devices; his compact, firm forms have affinities with classical antiquity. Only the bowed heads and a restrained gesture of the hands evoke the pathos of the scene.

• Scenes from the Life of David • Leaf from the Winchester Bible Illuminated by the Master of the Morgan Leaf • England, Winchester, Cathedral ca. 1160– 80 • Purchased by Pierpont Morgan, 1912

• This was the last leaf acquired by Pierpont Morgan before his death in 1913.

• Described as the finest English painting of the twelfth century, this is the Morgan's most important single leaf. The Winchester Bible, the largest and finest English Romanesque Bible, was begun about 1160 but never finished.

• Four full-page drawings by the Apocrypha Master were executed; two remain in the refectory Bible. The only painted leaf (1170 s) is this one, the masterpiece of the Master of the Morgan Leaf. It depicts in each tier: Saul Watching David Slay Goliath, Saul Hurling a Spear at David and Samuel Anointing David, and Joab Killing Absalom and David Mourning the Death of His Young Son. The Morgan Master simplified the drawing by reducing the number of feet (of both horses and men).

Read New York Times article. (no need to annotate)

You Decide… • Do you agree that tearing up an illuminated manuscript to sell it by the page is vandalism? • Or does it liberate the art on those pages? • Please write a response. Why do agree or disagree?

Class Discussion Raise your hand if you agree that tearing up an illuminated manuscript to sell it by the page is vandalism. Why do you agree?

• Raise your hand if you believe it liberates the art on those pages? • Why?

• Can you think of any other instances where objects are destroyed or tampered with on purpose?

Quick Partner Discussion • Turn to a partner and discuss how architecture has changed overtime. Prehistory to Romanesque (We will have a group activity on this later)

SUMMARY • Romanesque artists were influenced by Classical Rome • Churches were the main focus: the larger, the better. Replaced flat roofs with arched vaulting • Divine power to rulers

SUMMARY • Fill the space! Monumental Architectural Sculpture: Human forms were squeezed together in elongated forms and awkward poses (facades) • Fear of God. Telling a story through sculpture vs. mosaic