Roman Republic Mr Turner Bell Ringer Roman Civilization

Roman Republic Mr. Turner

Bell Ringer

Roman Civilization Arises in Italy Geography: ● Italy easier to unify than Greece ● Not broken up into small isolated valleys ● Fertile plains- good land for farming ● Was a peninsula- central to sea trade in Mediterranean

Early Peoples of Italy ● Latins – settled in small villages around the Tiber River ● Etruscans – Northern Italy ○ Arches, alphabet, drainage system ● Romans – from Rome, conquered peninsula ○ Drove out Etruscans in 509 BCE

The Romans establish the Republic ● When Romans drive out Etruscans create their own government- 509 BCE ● Res publica- “that which belongs to the people” ● Republic- The People choose officials who make laws

The Republic ● ● ● Senate- Governing body Patricians- landholding upper class Plebeians- farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders Consuls- supervise business of government and command armies Dictator- total control of government

Structure of the Republic ● Senate- Patricians served for life ● Tribunes- Plebeians’ elected officials ● Consuls- 1 Patrician & 1 Plebeian ○ Only serve one term, had to agree w/ each other ● Dictator- Given power for 6 months ● Twelve Tables – Roman law code; rights of Plebeians; civil rights i. e. trial by jury

Roman Society ● Men○ Head of household, absolute power ● Women○ Could own property, own businesses, not confined to home ● Children○ ○ ○ All children educated sometimes used private tutors from Greeks Major events in history of Rome

Early Roman Religion ● Polytheistic ● Adopted/Adapted Greek Pantheon of gods ● Festivals, temples, feasts

Republic Grows ● Roman Legion- 5, 000 men phalanx formation ○ ○ ○ Citizen-soldiers Paid small stipend, kept spoils of war, loyal Rewards mixed w/ harsh punishments ● Let conquered peoples keep their own customs ● Built roads and posted soldiers throughout land