Roman Republic c 753 B C The city

Roman Republic c. 753 B. C. - The city of Rome was established. Rome has mythical beginnings: • Romulus and Remus by Virgil c. 28 B. C. • Tale of Aeneas by Virgil c. 19 B. C.

Roman history can be divided into three eras: Tarquin Dynasty Roman Republic Roman Empire - (753 B. C. – 509 B. C. ) (509 B. C. - 27 B. C. ) (27 B. C. - A. D. 476) Rome at first was a city-state ruled by Etruscan kings. (753 B. C. – 509 B. C. )

Roman Society Patricians - 5% of the population, born into this class, wealthy, held powerful positions in government, landowners Plebeians – The lower class, merchants, artisans, small farmers, laborers Slaves – People living in bondage, sometimes captured prisoners of war, held many types of jobs, mostly did very hard work (by A. D. 100 slaves made up 30% of population)

Roman Republic - (509 B. C. - 27 B. C. ) A republic is a form of government where people elect their leaders. “The Roman Senate and People” Senatus Populusque Romanus

Roman Republic - (509 B. C. - 27 B. C. ) During the Struggle of the Orders (494 B. C. – 287 B. C. ), Plebeians united and forced the government to: • Codify Roman law into The Twelve Tables in 450 B. C. Plebeians were guaranteed certain rights. • Create the Assembly of Tribes in 287 B. C. where plebeians would elect lawmakers to represent them.

Roman Republic - (509 B. C. - 27 B. C. ) • The era of the Roman Republic was a time of conquest and domination. Rome was a military state. • Rome fought Carthage for control of land around the Mediterranean Sea. The conflict was known as the Punic Wars. • The territories of Rome were organized into provinces.

Roman Architecture

Roman Architecture

Roman Architecture

Roman Architecture

Roman Architecture

Roman Provinces c. 117

Roman Republic - (509 B. C. - 27 B. C. ) Roman provinces provided: Ø tribute (taxes paid to Rome). Ø buffer zones against attack. Ø cheap grain. Ø new markets to sell goods. Ø more soldiers. Ø slaves.

Reasons for the collapse of the Roman Republic: ØMassive unemployment and large welfare system (small farmers lost their farms & laborers were replaced with slaves) Ø The patricians became richer and the plebeians became poorer. ØProfessional armies replaced the militias. Soldiers were more loyal to their commanding general than they were to the Republic. Ø Roman generals tried to seize political power which resulted in civil war (e. g. Romans fighting Romans).