Roman Expansion Rome expanded their republic by conquering

Roman Expansion • Rome expanded their republic by conquering neighbors and making alliances. § Rome’s strong army was organized into legions. § Each legion contained 5, 000 soldiers called legionaries. § Legions could be divided into groups of 60 -120 soldiers called maniples.

Carthage and Rome were rivals for control of the seas and for control of trade

The Punic Wars • The Punic Wars are 3 wars between Rome and Carthage that spanned 100 years. • The 1 st Punic War 264 -241 BCE: Rome developed its Navy to beat Carthage on the Mediterranean. (Sicily) • The 2 nd Punic War 218 -201 BCE: Hannibal Barca entered Italy from the Alps. (Spain)

Hannibal • Hannibal came to Rome’s wall, but couldn’t enter Rome. • Hannibal raided and burned Roman villages for 15 years. • Hannibal returned to Carthage when Rome attacked his homeland. Carthage lost the 2 nd Punic War and gave up Spain and their territories to Rome. The 3 rd Punic War 149 -143 BCE: Rome defeated Carthage. (Africa, Corsica, Sardinia)

Effects of Conquest • Small farms were destroyed by Hannibal’s raids. • Patricians purchased farms and created latifundias (large estates). • Slavery expanded in Rome, taking jobs. • Plebeians and farmers moved to cities. • Rome demanded taxes from conquered territories. • The gap between the rich and poor grew!!